Intestinal necrosis due to nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a case report | BMC Infectious Diseases

  • Edens C, Clopper BR, DeVies J, Benitez A, McKeever ER, Johns D, Wolff B, Selvarangan R, Schuster JE, Weinberg GA, et al. Notes from the field: reemergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children and adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic, united states, 2018–2024. MMWR Morbidity Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(7):149–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Li S, Yang H, Chen Z, Zhou Z. Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumonia by macrolide-resistant epidemic clones in China. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(6):e515.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Biagi C, Cavallo A, Rocca A, Pierantoni L, Antonazzo D, Dondi A, Gabrielli L, Lazzarotto T, Lanari M. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Microorganisms 2021;9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122553.

  • Clair DG, Beach JM. Mesenteric ischemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(10):959–68.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Takiguchi T, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Kim S, Yokota H, Yasunaga H. Vasodilator therapy and mortality in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: A nationwide observational study. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(5):e356–61.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bala M, Catena F, Kashuk J, De Simone B, Gomes CA, Weber D, Sartelli M, Coccolini F, Kluger Y, Abu-Zidan FM, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: updated guidelines of the world society of emergency surgery. World J Emerg Surgery: WJES. 2022;17(1):54.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Calame P, Winiszewski H, Doussot A, Malakhia A, Grillet F, Verdot P, Vuitton L, Ronot M, Pili-Floury S, Heyd B, et al. Evaluating the risk of irreversible intestinal necrosis among critically ill patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(7):1506–13.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Narita M. Classification of extrapulmonary manifestations due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on the basis of possible pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00023.

  • Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(3):747–809.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson TP, Balish MF, Waites KB. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008;32(6):956–73.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Waites KB, Balish MF, Atkinson TP. New insights into the pathogenesis and detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Future Microbiol. 2008;3(6):635–48.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Li Y. Thrombosis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(3):967.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Yin J, Liu X, Liu J, Xu B, Shen K. Thromboembolic complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Clin Respir J. 2023;17(3):187–96.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Narita M. Pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with special reference to pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 2010;16(3):162–9.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Lv W, Zhang S, Zhang J. Advances in the Research on Anticardiolipin Antibody. J Immunol Res 2019;2019:8380214.

  • Al-Diery H, Phillips A, Evennett N, Pandanaboyana S, Gilham M, Windsor JA. The pathogenesis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: implications for research and clinical practice. J Intensive Care Med. 2019;34(10):771–81.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liccioli G, Filippeschi C, Giovannini M, Capone M, Oranges T, Barni S, Sarti L, Parronchi P, Mori F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mucocutaneous disease in children: A case series with allergy workup in a tertiary care paediatric hospital. Clin Experimental Allergy: J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;51(5):740–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuwahara M, Samukawa M, Ikeda T, Morikawa M, Ueno R, Hamada Y, Kusunoki S. Characterization of the neurological diseases associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies. J Neurol. 2017;264(3):467–75.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Zhai B, Tang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu C, Dong L, Wang Y, Su Y, Dong Z, et al. Clinical features of intracardiac thrombotic complication in patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Ital J Pediatr. 2025;51(1):42.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nada A, Shabana A, Elsaadany A, Abdelrahman A, Gaballah AH. Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis and small bowel necrosis: an uncommon thromboembolic manifestation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Case Rep. 2022;17(3):821–4.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao XL, Tang N, Wang YZ. Severe Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by acute intra-abdominal multiple arterial thrombosis and bacterial embolism: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(30):11101–10.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson ML, Menjivar E, Kalapatapu V, Hand AP, Garber J, Ruiz MA. Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinins, and recurrent arterial thrombosis. South Med J. 2007;100(2):215–7.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Huang G, Xie Y, Yang X, Lai C, Huang L. Massive deep venous thrombosis in a child with necrotizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;17:5299–304.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjorck M, Koelemay M, Acosta S, Bastos Goncalves F, Kolbel T, Kolkman JJ, Lees T, Lefevre JH, Menyhei G, Oderich G et al. Editor’s Choice 2017 Management of the diseases of mesenteric arteries and veins: clinical practice guidelines of the European society of vascular surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vascular Endovascular Surgery: Official J Eur Soc Vascular Surg 53 4 460–510.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Trompeter M, Brazda T, Remy CT, Vestring T, Reimer P. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: etiology, diagnosis, and interventional therapy. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(5):1179–87.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez R, Rogers A, Numanoglu A, Rode H. Fatal non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and the use of propranolol in paediatric burns. Burns: J Int Soc Burn Injuries. 2016;42(4):e70–73.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Frontino G, Di Tonno R, Castorani V, Rigamonti A, Morotti E, Sandullo F, Scialabba F, Arrigoni F, Foglino R, Dionisi B, et al. Non-Occlusive mesenteric ischemia in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: case report and review of literature. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:900325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morota J, Ishige T, Suzuki M, Igarashi Y, Takizawa T. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in a toddler with 6q25 microdeletion syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2022;64(1):e14751.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanno K, Watanabe K, Kanokogi Y, Tsujimura M, Yoshida A, Hanada T, Yamagami Y, Ito Y. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in a toddler during hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a case report. Clin exp emer med. 2024. https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.24.213.

  • Derikx JP, Schellekens DH, Acosta S. Serological markers for human intestinal ischemia: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;31(1):69–74.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Expert Panel on, Interventional R, Lam A, Kim YJ, Fidelman N, Higgins M, Cash BD, Charalel RA, Guimaraes MS, Kwan SW, Patel PJ, et al. ACR appropriateness Criteria(R) radiologic management of mesenteric ischemia: 2022 update. J Am Coll Radiology: JACR. 2022;19(11S):S433–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Y, Yang F, Hu X, Zhu F, Chen W, Lin W. Radiological predictive factors of transmural intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(4):2792–9.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang RW, Chang JB, Longo WE. Update in management of mesenteric ischemia. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(20):3243–7.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapalla M, Choubey R, Weitz J, Reeps C, Wolk S. Results after intraoperative open and endovascular revascularization of acute mesenteric ischemia requiring a laparotomy. Langenbeck’s Archives Surg. 2023;408(1):303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Continue Reading