Training programs in epidemiology and public health network (TEPHINET). our network of FETPs: Training programs 2025. 2025. https://www.tephinet.org/training-programs.
World Health Organization. International Health Regulations (2005). 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
World Health Organization. Joint external evaluation tool: International Health Regulations (2005). 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
Frieden TR, Buissonnière M, McClelland A. The world must prepare now for the next pandemic. BMJ Glob Health. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005184.
Google Scholar
Reddy C, Kuonza L, Ngobeni H, Mayet NT, Doyle TJ, Williams S. South Africa field epidemiology training program: developing and building applied epidemiology capacity, 2007–2016. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(S3):1–8.
Music SI, Schultz MG. Field epidemiology training programs. New international health resources. JAMA. 1990;263(24):3309–11.
Google Scholar
Jones DS, Dicker RC, Fontaine RE, Boore AL, Omolo JO, Ashgar RJ, et al. Building global epidemiology and response capacity with field epidemiology training programs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(13):S158–65.
Google Scholar
Traicoff DA, Walke HT, Jones DS, Gogstad EK, Imtiaz R, White ME. Replicating success: developing a standard FETP curriculum. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(Suppl 1):28–34.
Google Scholar
Centers for disease control and prevention. A history of success: investigating and responding to public health threats since 1951. 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/eis/about/history.html.
Thacker SB, Brownson RC. Practicing epidemiology: how competent are we? Public Health Rep. 2008;123(1):4–5.
Google Scholar
Schneider D, Evering-Watley M, Walke H, Bloland PB. Training the global public health workforce through applied epidemiology training programs: CDC’s experience, 1951–2011. Public Health Rev. 2011;33(1):190–203.
Kariuki Njenga M, Traicoff D, Tetteh C, Likimani S, Oundo J, Breiman R, et al. Laboratory epidemiologist: skilled partner in field epidemiology and disease surveillance in Kenya. J Public Health Policy. 2008;29(2):149–64.
Google Scholar
Masanza MM, Nqobile N, Mukanga D, Gitta SN. Laboratory capacity building for the International Health Regulations (IHR[2005]) in resource-poor countries: the experience of the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1): S8.
Google Scholar
Gatei W, Galgalo T, Abade A, Henderson A, Rayfield M, McAlister D, et al. Field epidemiology and laboratory training program, where is the L-track? Front Public Health. 2018;6:264.
Google Scholar
Rush T. Disease surveillance system evaluation as a model for improved integration and standardization of the laboratory component in the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) curriculum worldwide. J Public Health Policy. 2012;33(4):390–400.
Google Scholar
Mutabaruka E, Sawadogo M, Tarnagda Z, Ouédraogo L, Sangare L, Ousmane B, et al. The West Africa field epidemiology and laboratory training program, a strategy to improve disease surveillance and epidemic control in West Africa. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Suppl 1):10.
Google Scholar
Lopez A, Caceres VM. Central America field epidemiology training program (CA FETP): a pathway to sustainable public health capacity development. Hum Resour Health. 2008;6:27.
Google Scholar
Monday B, Gitta SN, Wasswa P, Namusisi O, Bingi A, Musenero M, et al. Paradigm shift: contribution of field epidemiology training in advancing the “One Health” approach to strengthen disease surveillance and outbreak investigations in Africa. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Supp 1):13.
Google Scholar
Wurapa F, Afari E, Ohuabunwo C, Sackey S, Clerk C, Kwadje S, et al. One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through field epidemiology and laboratory training in Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Supp 1):6.
Google Scholar
Nguku P, Oyemakinde A, Sabitu K, Olayinka A, Ajayi I, Fawole O, et al. Training and service in public health, Nigeria field epidemiology and laboratory training, 2008–2014. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18(Suppl 1):2.
Google Scholar
Srivastava D. Cascade model of field epidemiology training programme (FETP): a model for India. J Health Manag. 2018;20(2):144–50.
André AM, Lopez A, Perkins S, Lambert S, Chace L, Noudeke N, et al. Frontline field epidemiology training programs as a strategy to improve disease surveillance and response. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(13):S166–73.
Google Scholar
Thankappan KR. Public health schools without walls: a network addressing health equity. Natl Med J India. 2000;13:173–6.
Google Scholar
Tweheyo R, Nalwadda C, Ayebazibwe N, Mukanga D, Rutebemberwa E, Bazeyo W. Two decades of post-graduate training in applied public health: the experience and challenges of the Uganda Public Health School Without Walls. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Supp 1(Suppl 1)):11.
Google Scholar
Training programs in epidemiology and public health network (TEPHINET). Vision, mission and history 2025. 2025. https://www.tephinet.org/who-we-are/vision-mission-and-history. Accessed 17 Apr 2024
TEPHINET. Continuous quality improvement handbook. 2005.
Training programs in epidemiology and public health network (TEPHINET). About FETP 2025 2025. https://www.tephinet.org/our-network-fetps/about-fetp. Accessed 17 Apr 2024
Wallace BJ. TEPHINET accreditation of field epidemiology training programs evaluation. TEPHINET; 2020.
World Bank. World Bank income groups 2025. 2025. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-bank-income-groups. Accessed 17 Apr 2024
Dey P, Brown J, Sandars J, Young Y, Ruggles R, Bracebridge S. The United Kingdom Field epidemiology training programme: meeting programme objectives. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(36):1900013.
Google Scholar
Al Nsour M, Khader Y, Bashier H, Alsoukhni M. Evaluation of advanced field epidemiology training programs in the eastern Mediterranean region: a multi-country study. Front Public Health. 2021;9(1005):684174.
Google Scholar
Roka ZG, Oyugi EO, Githuku JN, Kanyina E, Obonyo M, Omballa V, et al. Impact evaluation of the Kenya frontline field epidemiology training program: repeated-measures study. JMIR Med Educ. 2021. https://doi.org/10.2196/18956.
Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick J, Kirkpatrick W. Kirkpatrick’s four levels of training evaluation. Alexandria: ATD Press; 2016.
Bhatnagar T, Gupte MD, Hutin YJ, Kaur P, Kumaraswami V, Manickam P, et al. Seven years of the field epidemiology training programme (FETP) at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India: an internal evaluation. Hum Resour Health. 2012;10(1):36.
Google Scholar
Volkov B, MacDonald G, Herrera D, Jones D, Patel M. Evaluating application of knowledge and skills: the use of consensus expert review to assess conference abstracts of field epidemiology training participants. J Multidiscip Eval. 2014;10(23):44–50.
Google Scholar
Wilson K, Juya A, Abade A, Sembuche S, Leonard D, Harris J, et al. Evaluation of a new field epidemiology training program intermediate course to strengthen public health workforce capacity in Tanzania. Public Health Rep. 2021;136(5):575–83.
Google Scholar
Lee M-S, Kim E-Y, Lee S-W. Experience of 16 years and its associated challenges in the Field epidemiology training program in Korea. Epidemiol Health. 2017;39: e2017058.
Google Scholar
Kebebew T, Takele T, Zeynu N, Muluneh A, Habtetsion M, Kezali J, et al. A comparative cross-sectional evaluation of the field epidemiology training program-frontline in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):931.
Google Scholar
Macharia D, Jinnai Y, Hirai M, Galgalo T, Lowther SA, Ekechi CO, et al. Impact of Kenya’s frontline epidemiology training program on outbreak detection and surveillance reporting: a geographical assessment, 2014–2017. Health Secur. 2021;19(3):243–53.
Google Scholar
Pappaioanou M, Garbe PL, Glynn MK, Thacker SB. Veterinarians and public health: the epidemic intelligence service of the Centers for disease control and prevention, 1951–2002. J Vet Med Educ. 2003;30(4):383–91.
Google Scholar
Buffington J, Lyerla RL, Thacker SB. Nonmedical doctoral-level scientists in the centers for disease control and prevention’s epidemic intelligence service, 1964–1997. Am J Prev Med. 1999;16(4):341–6.
Google Scholar
Dick VR, Masters AE, McConnon PJ, Engel JP, Underwood VN, Harrison RJ. The CDC/council of state and territorial epidemiologists applied epidemiology fellowship program: evaluation of the first 9 years. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47(5, Supplement 3):S376–82.
Google Scholar
Moolenaar RL, Thacker SB. Evaluation of field training in the epidemic intelligence service: publications and job choices. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26(4):299–306.
Google Scholar
Thacker SB, Stroup DF, Sencer DJ. Epidemic assistance by the Centers for disease control and prevention: role of the epidemic intelligence service, 1946–2005. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(11 Suppl):S4-15.
Google Scholar
Collins D, Diallo BI, Bah MB, Bah M, Standley CJ, Corvil S, et al. Evaluation of the first two Frontline cohorts of the field epidemiology training program in Guinea, West Africa. Hum Resour Health. 2022;20(1):40.
Google Scholar
Jones D, Caceres V, Herrera DG. A tool for quality improvement of field epidemiology training programs: experience with a new scorecard approach. J Public Health Epidemiol. 2013;5(9):385–90.
Subramanian RE, Herrera DG, Kelly PM. An evaluation of the global network of field epidemiology and laboratory training programmes: a resource for improving public health capacity and increasing the number of public health professionals worldwide. Hum Resour Health. 2013;11(1):45.
Google Scholar
van Loock F, Rowland M, Grein T, Moren A. Intervention epidemiology training: a European perspective. Euro Surveill. 2001;6(3):37–43.
Google Scholar
Ammon A, Hamouda O, Breuer T, Petersen LR, Breuer T, Petersen LR, et al. The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) in Germany. Euro Surveill. 2001;6(3):43–5.
Google Scholar
Martinez Navarro JF, Herrera D, Sanchez Barco C. Applied field epidemiology programme in Spain. Euro Surveill. 2001;6(3):46–7.
Google Scholar
Halm A, Seyler T, Mohamed S, Ali Mbaé SB, Randrianarivo-Solofoniaina AE, Ratsitorahina M, et al. Four years into the Indian ocean field epidemiology training programme. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:195.
Google Scholar
Ragan P, Rowan A, Schulte J, Wiersma S. Florida Epidemic Intelligence Service Program: the first five years, 2001–2006. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(Suppl 1):21–7.
Google Scholar
Ropa B, Flint J, O’Reilly M, Pavlin BI, Dagina R, Peni B, et al. Lessons from the first 6 years of an intervention-based field epidemiology training programme in Papua New Guinea, 2013–2018. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(6):e001969.
Google Scholar
Scarlett HP, Nisbett RA, Stoler J, Bain BC, Bhatta MP, Castle T, et al. South-to-north, cross-disciplinary training in global health practice: ten years of lessons learned from an infectious disease field course in Jamaica. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85(3):397–404.
Google Scholar
Hoy D, Durand AM, Hancock T, Cash HL, Hardie K, Paterson B, et al. Lessons learnt from a three-year pilot field epidemiology training programme. West Pac Surveill Response J. 2017;8(3):21–6.
Andze GO, Namsenmo A, Illunga BK, Kazambu D, Delissaint D, Kuaban C, et al. Central African Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program: building and strengthening regional workforce capacity in public health. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Suppl 1):4.
Google Scholar
Lubogo M, Donewell B, Godbless L, Shabani S, Maeda J, Temba H, et al. Ebola virus disease outbreak; the role of field epidemiology training programme in the fight against the epidemic, Liberia, 2014. Pan Afr Med J. 2015;22(Suppl 1):5.
Google Scholar
Ohuabunwo C, Ameh C, Oduyebo O, Ahumibe A, Mutiu B, Olayinka A, et al. Clinical profile and containment of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in two large West African cities, Nigeria, July-September 2014. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;53:23–9.
Google Scholar
Davis S, Patel MS, Fearnley E, Viney K, Kirk M. The Australian Master of Applied Epidemiology Program: Looking back, moving forward. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2016;40(3):326.
Kabwama SN, Bulage L, Nsubuga F, Pande G, Oguttu DW, Mafigiri R, et al. A large and persistent outbreak of typhoid fever caused by consuming contaminated water and street-vended beverages: Kampala, Uganda, January – June 2015. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):23.
Google Scholar
White ME, McDonnell SM, Werker DH, Cardenas VM, Thacker SB. Partnerships in international applied epidemiology training and service, 1975–2001. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(11):993–9.
Google Scholar
Shrivastava A, Kumar A, Thomas JD, Laserson KF, Bhushan G, Carter MD, et al. Association of acute toxic encephalopathy with litchi consumption in an outbreak in Muzaffarpur, India, 2014: a case-control study. Lancet Glob Health. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30035-9.
Google Scholar
Mmbuji P, Mukanga D, Mghamba J, Ahly M, Mosha F, Azima S, et al. The Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program: building and transforming the public health workforce. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10(Supp 1):9.
Google Scholar
Al Serouri A, Jumaan A, Alkohlani A. Yemen field epidemiology training programme: a tool for strengthening the public health workforce. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(9):905–13.
Google Scholar
Petersen LR, Ammon A, Hamouda O, Breuer T, Kiessling S, Bellach B, et al. Developing national epidemiologic capacity to meet the challenges of emerging infections in Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6(6):576–84.
Google Scholar
Al Nsour M, Iblan I, Tarawneh MR. Jordan field epidemiology training program: critical role in national and regional capacity building. JMIR Med Educ. 2018. https://doi.org/10.2196/mededu.9516.
Google Scholar
Flint JA, Taylor J, Housen T, Ropa B, Smaghi B, Macfarlane-Berry L, et al. Involvement and readiness of fellows from Papua New Guinea’s field epidemiology training programme in the COVID-19 response, 2020–2021. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2023;14(2):1–6.
Google Scholar
Kandun IN, Samaan G, Santoso H, Kushadiwijaya H, Juwita R, Mohadir A, et al. Strengthening Indonesia’s field epidemiology training programme to address International Health Regulations requirements. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(3):211.
Google Scholar
Githuka G, Hladik W, Mwalili S, Cherutich P, Muthui M, Gitonga J, et al. Populations at Increased Risk for HIV infection in Kenya: results from a national population-based household survey, 2012. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(Suppl 1):S46-56.
Google Scholar
Fawole OI, Ajumobi O, Poggensee G, Nguku P. Setting research priorities to reduce malaria burden in a post graduate training programme: lessons learnt from the Nigeria field epidemiology and laboratory training programme scientific workshop. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:226.
Google Scholar
Waziri NE, Ohuabunwo CJ, Nguku PM, Ogbuanu IU, Gidado S, Biya O, et al. Polio Eradication in Nigeria and the Role of the National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, 2012–2013. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Suppl 1):S111–7.
Google Scholar
Koo D, Thacker SB. In snow’s footsteps: commentary on shoe-leather and applied epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(6):737–9.
Google Scholar
Mukanga D, Namusisi O, Gitta SN, Pariyo G, Tshimanga M, Weaver A, et al. Field epidemiology training programmes in Africa – where are the graduates? Hum Resour Health. 2010;8:18.
Google Scholar
Patton MQ. Developmental evaluation applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use. New York: Guilford Press; 2010.
White H, Phillips D. Addressing attribution of cause and effect in small n impact evaluations: towards an integrated framework. New Delhi, India: 3ie Working Paper 15; 2012.
Stern E. Impact evaluation. New York: A guide for commisioners and managers; 2011.
Australia department of foreign affairs and trade. Impact evaluation: a discussion paper for AusAID practitioners. 2012.
R. P. Introduction to impact evaluation. Washington: InterAction; 2012.
Mayne J. Addressing attribution through contribution analysis: using performance measures sensibly. Can J Progr Eval. 2001;16:1–24.
Delahais T, Toulemonde J. Applying contribution analysis: lessons from five years of practice. Evaluation. 2012;18(3):281–93.
Delahais T. Contribution analysis. Policy evaluation: methods and approaches. Quebec: Éditions science et bien commun; 2023.
DAC network on development evaluation. Glossary of key terms in evaluation and results-based management. Organisation for economic co-operation and development; 2022.
Centres for Disease Prevention and Control. Field epidemiology training program development handbook. Atlanta: Centres for Disease Prevention and Control; 2006.