Study reveals gaps in HIV awareness among pregnant women and families in Kyrgyzstan
AKIPRESS.COM – A recent study published in the journal “Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan” has shed light on the level of awareness regarding HIV infection and mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prevention among pregnant women, young families, and their relatives.
The authors highlight that while most registered HIV cases in the country are among men, women face particular vulnerabilities. These include limited decision-making power, economic dependence, domestic violence, and difficulties discussing safe sexual practices with partners. In many instances, HIV in women is only detected during pregnancy registration, underscoring the need to strengthen prevention efforts during family planning and prenatal care.
Additional barriers remain due to stigma and discrimination. These factors heighten the fear of societal and familial judgment, potentially preventing women from seeking timely help and starting treatment. The authors note that in such cases, the risk of sexual transmission increases, and the likelihood of preventing vertical transmission of the virus to the child decreases. Furthermore, many women are insufficiently informed about measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
Researchers emphasize that modern HIV therapy allows individuals to lead full lives, including studying, working, having families, and giving birth to healthy children. However, informing the population, especially expectant parents, remains critically important.
Research Methodology and Key Findings
The two-stage study involved surveying pregnant women, their spouses, and relatives (including mothers-in-law). The majority of respondents (70%) were women. The survey included questions on HIV transmission routes, prevention methods, the importance of early testing, and treatment options.
The study found that respondents, particularly women in rural areas, often have limited access to education and income-earning opportunities, which can affect their access to information and medical services. It was also noted that about 42% of participants were unemployed, primarily women on maternity leave or recently married. Women from rural areas more frequently face employment challenges.
The research results indicate an improved level of knowledge about HIV infection following an information campaign. The authors conclude that to enhance the effectiveness of PMTCT prevention, it is essential to further develop educational modules and focus specifically on working with young families.