Infertility affects millions of people globally. About 1 in every 6 people of reproductive age worldwide experiences infertility in their lifetime, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Infertility is a condition of the reproductive system (male or female) where pregnancy is not achieved after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Catching the signs of infertility early is crucial. Dr. Lora Shahine, a double board-certified reproductive endocrinologist and OBGYN based in the US, has now explained about 5 important signs of infertility in women that are often overlooked. “Worried about infertility or planning to start your fertility journey soon? You might be missing key signs your body is trying to tell you,” Dr. Shahine said. What are the signs? Take a look.
Absent or irregular menstrual cycles
One of the positive indicators of healthy ovulation is a predictable monthly menstrual cycle. Most cycles occur every 26 to 32 days. However, if the periods are irregular, skipped for months, or absent altogether, it is a cause for concern. This could be an indication of problems with ovulation. Without the release of a mature egg, pregnancy is not possible. If your menstrual cycles are irregular or absent, it is important to consult a physician. “It’s important to figure out why and get information, get some testing, to help make those cycles regular so you have a much higher chance of getting pregnant sooner,” the doctor suggests.
Painful or heavy menstrual cycle
Another warning sign of infertility is having painful cramps or heavy bleeding during menstruation. “It’s typical to have a little bit of cramping on the first day of bleeding. Most people have bleeding anywhere from 2 to 5 days. But if you are having significant pain, and it is limiting your ability to go to work, your ability to go to school. You’re popping ibuprofen more than the recommended. If you’re having you know really strong back pains, if pain is associated with bowel changes, bladder changes, or really heavy bleeding for more than 7 days, large clots, it can be a sign that something is going on,” the doctor said. These signs could be associated with infertility or endometriosis, which is why it is important to consult your doctor.
Lack of ovulation signs
Sometimes, you can still bleed without ovulation. Recognizing ovulation can be tricky; however, there are subtle signs. Some women experience pelvic pain mid-cycle, known as mittelschmerz, or a change in cervical mucus to a clear, stretchy texture. There are also at-home predictor kits, which can help you find out if ovulation is happening. “Testing for ovulation is important, and if you are not getting these signs and the tests aren’t working for you, it’s time to talk to a doctor,” Dr. Shahine said.
Repeated miscarriages
According to the doctor, pregnancy loss, aka miscarriages, is a warning sign of infertility. “This is a common misconception people often say, ‘Oh, well, I’m getting pregnant . I’m just not keeping the baby, so I’m not infertile,” the doctor says. Repeated miscarriages may signal structural or hormonal problems. The doctor adds that multiple miscarriages are considered a form of infertility. This is why early testing and evaluation is important to identify treatable causes and improve chances of a successful pregnancy.
Hormonal changes
Hormonal imbalances, especially those linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can interfere with fertility. Symptoms such as acne, excessive hair growth on the face or body, thinning hair at the temples or crown, and difficulty managing weight, should not be dismissed. “These are signs of PCOS or polycystic ovarian syndrome, a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance, elevated androgens, or male hormones, which disrupt ovulation,” the doctor adds in a video shared on YouTube. Though every woman with PCOS may not struggle to conceive, these hormonal shifts should not be dismissed. Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional if you have any health concerns.