Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the digestive tract, and having it may be linked to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. For some, living with it can feel like navigating a dietary minefield. One wrong bite, and your gut might revolt. But there are foods to eat for Crohn’s disease that won’t exacerbate symptoms.
Meet the experts: David D. Clarke, M.D., president of the Association for the Treatment of Neuroplastic Symptoms and board-certified gastroenterologist; Lauren Manaker, M.S., R.D.N., registered dietitian and author of this story; and Michael Currier, PA-C, Lead GI Provider at Oshi Health
As a dietitian, I know how overwhelming it can be for people with Crohn’s Disease to figure out what to eat when managing this condition. The good news? While there’s no one-size-fits-all diet for Crohn’s, there are plenty of nourishing, gut-friendly foods that tend to generally keep flare-ups at bay.
“The inflammation brought on by Crohn’s affects how different foods are processed and tolerated. For this reason, there are certain foods that people with Crohn’s Disease might benefit by avoiding,” shared David D. Clarke, M.D., president of the Association for the Treatment of Neuroplastic Symptoms and board-certified gastroenterologist.
Whether you’re navigating a flare or experiencing a period of remission, focusing on the best foods to eat for Crohn’s disease may help take some of the stress out of mealtime. Here are foods that tend to be well-tolerated by people with Crohn’s Disease. Just keep in mind that everyone’s experience with Crohn’s is unique, so it’s always a good idea to work with your healthcare team to find what works best for you.
Bananas
This tropical favorite is a staple for many people managing Crohn’s disease. “Bananas are gentle on the digestive tract, low in insoluble fiber, and therefore easy to digest,” says Dr. Clarke. Bananas are generally easy to digest, making them a gentle option for sensitive stomachs. They’re packed with potassium, an essential electrolyte that helps balance hydration and supports muscle function, which is especially important if you’re experiencing diarrhea. “Bananas are often recommended because they are less likely to irritate the intestines during flare-ups, and their soluble fiber can help regulate bowel movements,” Dr. Clarke adds.
Salmon
Salmon is a nutritional powerhouse, especially for those with Crohn’s disease. “Salmon is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties,” Dr. Clarke says. This can lead to symptom relief and better overall digestive health. Whether cooked, grilled, or baked, salmon is a versatile and delicious way to incorporate healthy fats and high-quality protein into your diet. Plus, it supports heart health and provides essential nutrients like vitamin D and B vitamins.
Cooked carrots
Cooked carrots are a gentle, gut-friendly option. When cooked, they become soft and easy to digest, reducing the risk of irritating the intestines. They’re also loaded with beta-carotene, an antioxidant that supports immune function, which is an added bonus during cold and flu season. Whether steamed, boiled, or roasted, cooked carrots are a versatile addition to meals, but it’s best to avoid raw carrots, which can be harder to digest.
White rice
White rice is a simple food that’s easy on the digestive system, making it a great choice for those with Crohn’s disease. Its low fiber content means it’s less likely to irritate the intestines, especially during a flare-up when your gut needs a break. White rice is also a versatile base for meals, pairing well with lean proteins like chicken or fish and steamed vegetables for a balanced, Crohn’s-friendly dish. Plus, it provides a quick source of energy without overwhelming your digestive system. Fortified white rice provides B vitamins and iron, helping bridge nutritional gaps in the diet too.
Smooth nut butters
Smooth nut butters, such as almond or peanut butter, are a nutrient-dense option for people with Crohn’s disease. They’re packed with protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins, all of which can help support overall health. Opt for natural, sugar-free varieties to avoid unnecessary additives that could trigger symptoms, and enjoy them in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Skinless white meat chicken
Skinless white meat chicken is a mild, lean protein that’s easy to digest and tends to be a great choice for those managing Crohn’s disease. It’s low in fat, making it less likely to irritate the digestive system, and it provides essential nutrients to help maintain muscle and overall health. Baked, boiled, or grilled skinless chicken is a versatile option that can be paired with other Crohn’s-friendly foods like white rice or cooked vegetables for a balanced meal. Its simplicity and nutritional value make it a reliable staple for anyone with a sensitive stomach.
Avocado
Avocado is a nutrient-dense food that’s generally well-tolerated by people with Crohn’s disease. It’s rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, which support heart health and provide a concentrated source of energy. Avocados are also packed with vitamins and minerals, including potassium and vitamin E, which can help support overall health. Whether mashed on toast, blended into a smoothie, or eaten plain, avocado is a gentle, versatile option that’s easy on the digestive system.
Scrambled eggs
Scrambled eggs are a soft, easy-to-digest source of high-quality protein, making them a great choice for people with Crohn’s disease. They’re also rich in essential nutrients like vitamin D, B vitamins, and choline, which support overall health. Because they’re gentle on the stomach, scrambled eggs are particularly well-suited for flare-ups when your digestive system needs a break. To keep them Crohn’s-friendly, avoid adding heavy cream, spices, or oils, and enjoy them as a simple, nourishing meal or snack.
Zucchini
Cooked zucchini is a gentle, nutrient-rich vegetable that’s easy on the digestive system. When cooked, it becomes soft and tender, reducing the risk of irritating the gut. Zucchini is packed with vitamins A and C, which support immune function and gut health, as well as antioxidants that help combat inflammation. It’s a versatile ingredient that can be added to soups, casseroles, or served as a steamed side dish, making it a great addition to a Crohn’s-friendly diet.
Yogurt with live cultures
The probiotics in yogurt help replenish healthy gut bacteria, which may support digestion and overall gut health. Interestingly, even people with lactose intolerance often tolerate yogurt well, as the live cultures help break down lactose. Look for plain or unsweetened varieties labeled with “live cultures” to avoid added sugars or artificial ingredients that might trigger symptoms. Yogurt is also a natural source of protein and calcium, making it a nourishing and versatile option for snacks, smoothies, or as a base for other dishes.
Foods to avoid
Just as knowing the best foods to eat for Crohn’s disease is essential, identifying potential triggers is equally critical. Certain foods are recognized as common culprits that may exacerbate symptoms, especially during active flares or when consumed in excess.
High-fiber roughage
Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage may cause gas and bloating due to their high fiber content. Raw fruits and vegetables with tough skins, like apples or corn, should also be minimized during flares.
High-fat and fried foods
Fatty, fried, or greasy dishes are difficult to digest and may slow gut transit time, resulting in symptoms like cramping and diarrhea.
Spicy foods
Hot peppers, spicy sauces, and heavily seasoned meals can irritate the intestinal lining, leading to discomfort and inflammation. “Spices like cayenne, black pepper, chili, and highly seasoned foods can irritate the intestinal lining and make symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain worse. Avoiding these foods helps minimize discomfort, especially during active flare-ups,” per Dr. Clarke.
Caffeine and alcohol
Both caffeine and alcohol can irritate an already sensitive digestive system. Limit these beverages or avoid them entirely when recovering from a flare.
Sugary foods
“Sugar has been shown in many studies to be proinflammatory, meaning that it may increase inflammation in the body. It also leads to a decrease in the ability of the intestine to properly heal and causes a negative shift in the microbiome. This includes sugary drinks, processed foods and even some fruit juices high in fructose and other sugars,” per Michael Currier, PA-C, Lead GI Provider at Oshi Health.
The bottom line
When managing Crohn’s disease, the right food choices are an essential part of improving both comfort and quality of life. By incorporating easily digestible, nutrient-dense options into your diet, you can promote overall health while minimizing discomfort. And by steering clear of irritating foods like spicy dishes or fried snacks, you’ll create a gut-friendly eating plan tailored to your needs.
Don’t forget, what works for someone else may not work perfectly for you. Trial and error, paired with guidance from a dietitian, can help you find the best combination of foods that help keep your symptoms in check. Nutrition is a powerful tool in managing Crohn’s disease, and with the right approach, it’s possible to feel confident and comfortable while navigating the condition.