Introduction
Calcium (Ca2⁺) channels are pivotal regulators of numerous physiological processes, including spermatogenesis and sperm functions. These specialized ion channels facilitate the influx of calcium ions across cellular membranes,…

Calcium (Ca2⁺) channels are pivotal regulators of numerous physiological processes, including spermatogenesis and sperm functions. These specialized ion channels facilitate the influx of calcium ions across cellular membranes,…