Introduction
Heart failure (HF) represents a severe manifestation or the terminal stage of various cardiac diseases, posing a significant threat to human health.1 In recent years, the prevalence of HF has continued to rise, driven by population…
Heart failure (HF) represents a severe manifestation or the terminal stage of various cardiac diseases, posing a significant threat to human health.1 In recent years, the prevalence of HF has continued to rise, driven by population…