Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global mortality, with death tolls rising from 2.2 million (6th leading cause) in 1990 to 3.5 million (4th) in 2021.1–3 Global Burden of Disease projections…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global mortality, with death tolls rising from 2.2 million (6th leading cause) in 1990 to 3.5 million (4th) in 2021.1–3 Global Burden of Disease projections…