Heart disease is a major cause of death globally, and people with diabetes are especially at risk. One serious concern is the increased likelihood of experiencing a silent heart attack, a heart attack that occurs without the usual warning signs like chest pain. This makes detection difficult and can lead to delayed treatment, causing lasting damage to the heart. Diabetes contributes to this risk through nerve damage, autonomic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Awareness, early detection, and preventive measures such as lifestyle management and regular health screenings are essential to reduce the likelihood and impact of silent heart attacks in diabetic individuals.
Silent heart attacks: A hidden threat for people with type-2 diabetes
A silent heart attack, or silent myocardial infarction (SMI), is a heart attack that occurs without the classic symptoms. These silent episodes can cause lasting damage, leaving scar tissue in the heart, weakening its function, and increasing the risk of future complications.Dr. Vassily, in a post shared on Instagram, highlights a critical concern for people with type-2 diabetes: nearly half of heart attacks can occur silently, without the classic warning signs like chest pain. These “silent” heart attacks often go unnoticed, yet they leave scar tissue, weaken the heart, and significantly increase the risk of future cardiac events, making early awareness and preventive care essential for managing heart health in diabetic individuals.
Why are people with type-2 diabetes more prone to silent heart attacks
1. Neuropathy and diminished pain sensationDiabetes can lead to nerve damage, known as diabetic neuropathy, which affects the body’s ability to feel pain. This diminished pain sensation means that individuals may not experience the typical chest pain associated with a heart attack, leading to a lack of awareness and delayed treatment.2. Autonomic dysfunctionThe autonomic nervous system controls things like heart rate and blood pressure. In people with diabetes, it can be damaged, a condition called cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). This can hide the usual signs of a heart attack, making it harder to know when one is happening. A study published in Diabetes Care found that people with CAN are much more likely to have serious heart problems or even die from them compared to those without CAN. 3. Increased risk factors for heart diseaseIndividuals with diabetes often have other risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. These factors can increase the likelihood of a heart attack occurring without noticeable symptoms.4. Higher incidence of heart diseasePeople with diabetes are at a higher overall risk for cardiovascular diseases, making silent heart attacks more likely. The combination of diabetes-related complications and other risk factors contributes to this increased risk.5. Chronic inflammationDiabetes can lead to chronic inflammation in the body, which is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks. This inflammation can accelerate the process of atherosclerosis, leading to silent heart attacks.
Recognising subtle symptoms of silent heart attacks
While silent heart attacks may not present with obvious symptoms, individuals with diabetes should be vigilant for subtle signs, such as:
- Unusual fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Indigestion or nausea
- Pain in areas other than the chest, such as the jaw, neck, back, or arms
These symptoms can often be mistaken for other conditions, making it important for individuals with diabetes to discuss any unusual feelings with their healthcare provider.
Importance of early detection
Silent heart attacks can cause lasting damage, leaving scar tissue in the heart, weakening its function, and increasing the risk of future complications. Early detection through regular check-ups and screenings is crucial for individuals with diabetes to manage their heart health effectively.
Preventive measures
To reduce the risk of silent heart attacks, individuals with diabetes should:
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly
- Maintain a healthy diet and weight
- Engage in regular physical activity
- Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
- Schedule regular check-ups with healthcare providers
Implementing these lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Almond milk for cholesterol control and weight management; discover its health benefits