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  • Neptune stands north of Saturn

    Neptune stands north of Saturn

    The solar system’s most distant planet sits 1.1° due north of Saturn, placing them together in a single telescopic field of view all night.

    Saturn and Neptune undergo a conjunction Aug. 6. Neptune is only visible using a telescope or binoculars; both planets will appear together in a low-power telescope eyepiece. Credit: Astronomy: Roen Kelly

    • On a specified date, Saturn and Neptune exhibit a close conjunction, with Saturn positioned 1.1° south of Neptune, observable overnight.
    • Saturn, appearing brighter, is situated in Pisces and displays its rings and several moons (Titan, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea) visible through telescopic observation.
    • Neptune, at magnitude 7.7, is significantly fainter and smaller in apparent size due to its greater distance from Earth, approximately 3 billion km beyond Saturn.
    • Both planets’ slow apparent movement across the sky is attributed to their vast distances from Earth, maintaining proximity throughout the month.

    Saturn passes 1.1° due south of Neptune at 6 A.M. EDT. The pair of planets is visible overnight, rising around 10 P.M. local daylight time and setting after sunrise. They stand highest in the sky around 4 A.M. local daylight time, when they are 50° above the southern horizon.

    Saturn stands out in southwestern Pisces as the brightest point of light, sitting to the lower left of the Circlet if you’re facing south at 4 A.M. Zoom in with a telescope to spot the planet’s 19”-wide disk and 42”-wide rings, which now show off their southern sunlit face. The planet’s brightest moon, Titan, lies nearly 3’ west of Saturn’s center, while fainter moons cluster closer in. You may see the planet’s three 10th-magnitude moons: Tethys is just east of the eastern tip of the rings, while Dione is west of their western tip. Rhea is southwest of the planet, slowly moving toward the disk — it disappears into the planet’s dark shadow just minutes after 4 A.M. CDT, so you may or may not see it, depending on when you look. 

    And, of course, just 1.1° north of Saturn is Neptune. Glowing at magnitude 7.7, the distant world spans 2” on the sky — a testament to its distance, nearly 2 billion miles (3 billion km) beyond Saturn. Study that tiny disk, which may appear bluish-gray to the sharp-eyed observer. 

    The outer planets appear to move slowly relative to the background (and each other) because of their great distance. Saturn will now pull away from Neptune, moving southwest, but the planets still end the month less than 2° apart. 

    Sunrise: 6:03 A.M.
    Sunset: 8:08 P.M.
    Moonrise: 6:52 P.M.
    Moonset: 2:47 A.M.
    Moon Phase: Waxing gibbous (92%)
    *Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 12 P.M. local time from the same location.

    For a look ahead at more upcoming sky events, check out our full Sky This Week column. 

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  • ‘People were sold a lie’

    ‘People were sold a lie’

    Rebecca Morelle

    Science Editor

    Alison Francis

    Senior Science Journalist

    David Lochridge David Lochridge in a submersible looking out at an underwater reef David Lochridge

    David Lochridge was sacked after raising safety concerns

    When the Titan submersible went missing during a dive to the wreck of the Titanic in 2023, David Lochridge hoped the five people on board – including his former boss – could be rescued.

    “I always hoped that what happened wouldn’t happen. But I just knew if they kept carrying on the way they were going and with that deficient equipment, then there would be an incident,” he told the BBC.

    The whistleblower had been sacked by the firm behind the sub, Oceangate, after warning about safety issues in 2018.

    In June 2023 the sub imploded killing all five people on board – including Oceangate CEO Stockton Rush.

    A report from the US Coast Guard (USCG) published on Tuesday found that Oceangate’s failures over safety, testing and maintenance were the main cause of the disaster.

    “There is so much that could have been done differently. From the initial design, to the build, to the operations – people were sold a lie,” Lochridge told the BBC.

    But he firmly believes the US authorities could – and should – have done more to stop Oceangate.

    PA Media Titan submersible during a dive in the sea. The sub is white with a dome at the front and a tail cover at the back with Oceangate Titan written on its side. PA Media

    The design and construction of Titan’s hull was criticised in the report

    Lochridge had joined Oceangate seven years earlier as the company’s Director of Marine Operations. He moved his family from Scotland to the US, and was full of excitement about the company’s ambitions.

    Oceangate was building a new submersible to take paying passengers down to the most famous wreck in the world – the Titanic.

    And he was going to be involved in the project from the very start, working alongside the team designing the sub.

    The straight-talking Glaswegian has worked at sea for more than 25 years, first with the Royal Navy and later as a submersible pilot. He also led submarine rescue operations, responding to distress calls from people trapped underwater. He knows about the risks involved in deep dives.

    His responsibilities included planning dives and, as chief pilot, he would be the one taking the sub and its passengers 3,800m beneath the waves to see the Titanic. Safety was at the heart of his role.

    “As the director of marine operations, I’m the one responsible for everybody,” he told BBC News. “I was responsible for the safety of all Oceangate personnel and all of the passengers that were going to be coming in the sub.”

    Supplied via Reuters / AFP Pictures of Stockton Rush, Hamish Harding, Paul-Henri Nargeolet, Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman Supplied via Reuters / AFP

    Clockwise from top left: Stockton Rush, Hamish Harding, Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman, and Paul-Henri Nargeolet were all killed in the accident

    A prototype for the new submersible, which would eventually be called Titan, was being developed with the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The plan was to build its hull – the part where the passengers would sit – out of carbon fibre.

    No deep diving sub had been made out of this material before – most have hulls constructed from titanium or steel. But Lochridge had confidence in the APL team.

    He said he was told by Oceangate’s CEO Stockton Rush that the craft would undergo a safety assessment by an independent marine organisation, known as certification.

    Lochridge was adamant that this third-party oversight was essential – especially because Titan was to be made of experimental materials.

    But by the summer of 2016 he was starting to have doubts about the project.

    Oceangate stopped working with APL and decided to bring the design and construction of Titan in-house.

    Lochridge was worried. He didn’t have the same confidence in Oceangate’s engineers. He told the BBC he didn’t think they had experience of building subs able to withstand the immense pressures found at the depth of the Titanic.

    “At that point, I started asking questions… and I felt I had a duty of care to keep asking them,” he said.

    As the parts for Titan began to arrive, and the craft started to take shape, Lochridge said he was spotting problem after problem.

    “When the carbon hull came in, it was an absolute mess,” he said.

    He saw visible gaps in the material, areas where the layers of carbon fibre were coming apart – known as delamination.

    And he identified issues with other key components.

    David Lochridge David Lochridge onboard the deck of a ship. He is wearing a headset and helmet - the sea in the background. David Lochridge

    David Lochridge had years of experience at sea

    The carbon fibre hull had titanium domes fitted on each end, but he said the metal had been machined incorrectly. He was also worried that the sub’s view port had not been designed to work at extreme depths.

    Most concerning, he learnt that Titan was not going to be independently certified for safety.

    He told the BBC that he had always been outspoken on safety issues – so he wasn’t going to stay silent.

    “I brought up all the issues that I was seeing… but I was just met with resistance all the way,” he said.

    In January 2018, he outlined his concerns again to Stockton Rush. This time Rush asked him to complete an inspection of the vessel.

    Titan was at a crucial point of its development. Passengers had already paid deposits for dives to the Titanic planned for later that year. Test dives were about to start in the Bahamas before those expeditions got underway.

    Lochridge wanted Oceangate to delay these plans.

    “I formulated a report and I sent it out to all the directors in the company.”

    The following day he was summoned to a meeting with Rush and several other Oceangate employees.

    A transcript from the two-hour-long meeting, where the itemised report was picked over, reveals a heated exchange between Lochridge and Rush.

    Towards the end of the meeting, in response to Lochridge’s safety concerns, Rush says: “I have no desire to die. I’ve got a nice granddaughter. I’m going to be around. I understand this kind of risk, and I’m going into it with eyes open, and I think this is one of the safest things I will ever do.”

    To Lochridge’s surprise, immediately after this meeting he was fired.

    But he was so concerned about Titan that he got in touch with the US government’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration – OSHA.

    OSHA told him his case was urgent because it involved public safety and that he would be placed under the whistleblower protection scheme, designed to protect employees from retaliation by employers if they’ve reported concerns about workplace safety.

    As part of this process, OSHA passed Lochridge’s concerns about Titan to the US Coast Guard (USCG) in February 2018.

    But Lochridge says after OSHA wrote to Oceangate to tell them it was starting an investigation, everything changed.

    In March, Oceangate asked Lochridge to drop the OSHA complaint – and demanded he pay $10,000 for legal costs. Lochridge declined.

    Then in July 2018, Oceangate sued Lochridge – and his wife Carole – for breach of contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, fraud and theft, amongst other allegations. The following month, Lochridge countersued for unfair dismissal.

    Lochridge maintains that throughout the process OSHA was slow and failed to protect him from the ongoing retaliation he was receiving from Oceangate.

    “I provided all the documentation to OSHA, I was on the phone to OSHA every few weeks.” he said. “OSHA did nothing.”

    ‘They beat us down’

    In December 2018, under increasing pressure from Oceangate’s lawyers, Lochridge and his wife took the decision to drop the case.

    This meant the legal proceedings were settled, and as part of this agreement Lochridge withdrew his complaint at OSHA. OSHA stopped its investigation and also notified the US Coast guard that the complaint had been suspended. Lochridge also signed a non-disclosure agreement.

    “Carole and I did everything we physically could, we just got to the point that we were completely burned… We had nothing left to give to it. They beat us down.”

    Oceangate continued at pace with its plans to reach the Titanic.

    In 2018 and 2019, the prototype sub made its first test dives in the Bahamas – including one, piloted by Stockton Rush, that reached a depth of 3,939m.

    A crack was later found in the sub’s carbon fibre hull, and in 2020 that damaged hull was swapped out for a new one, in what became the second version of Titan.

    In 2021, the company started taking passengers to the Titanic, and over the next two summers made 13 dives to the famous wreck.

    But in June 2023, the sub went missing with five people on board – including Stockton Rush. After days of anxious waiting, the sub’s wreckage was found littered across the ocean floor.

    At the US Coast Guard’s public hearings held last year, Lochridge criticised OSHA for its lack of action. “I believe that if OSHA had attempted to investigate the seriousness of the concerns I raised on multiple occasions, this tragedy may have been prevented.”

    “It didn’t need to happen. It didn’t – and it should have been stopped.”

    In response to Mr Lochridge, a spokesperson for OSHA said its whistleblower protection programme was limited to protecting individuals against employer retaliation. They said their investigation had “followed the normal process and timeline for a retaliation case”.

    OSHA said it does not investigate whistleblowers’ underlying allegations about public safety… but instead refers those to the appropriate agency – in this case, the US Coast Guard.

    The spokesperson said: “The Coast Guard, not OSHA, had jurisdiction to investigate Mr. Lochridge’s allegations regarding the safe design and construction of marine vessels.”

    But the US Coast Guard’s report into the disaster agrees with Lochridge and says that OSHA’s slow handling of the investigation was a missed opportunity for early government intervention.

    The report also criticises a lack of effective communication and coordination between OSHA and the USCG.

    The investigation found that the email from OSHA to the coast guard about Mr Lochridge’s complaint was not received. It had been sent to a staff member who had responsibility for monitoring OSHA cases – but the employee had moved on to a new job within the agency.

    Jason Neubauer, the chair of the USCG’s Marine Board of Investigation, told the BBC that the coast guard could have done more.

    “The system did not work for the whistleblower in this case, and that’s why we just need to get better – and we have.”

    Oceangate said that in the wake of the accident, it had permanently wound down operations and directed its resources towards cooperating with the inquiry.

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  • Hidden mirror world or just imagination? Scientist says dark matter comes from this unknown plane!

    Hidden mirror world or just imagination? Scientist says dark matter comes from this unknown plane!

    The nature and origins of dark matter remain among the greatest mysteries in modern physics. While some theories point towards its existence, making up around 80% of the universe’s matter, scientists still have no clear answer about what dark matter actually is.Recently, a physicist proposed two new ideas that could give a new perspective to the presently known information about dark matter.

    Does dark matter come from a ‘hidden mirror world‘?

    Profumo, a physicist based in the US, published a new study on July 8, 2025, in Physical Review D, where he shared an interesting idea that explores the possibility that dark matter comes from a hidden “shadow world” that mirrors our own. In this shadow world, there could be dark versions of particles like quarks and gluons that stick together to form heavy particles, kind of like the ones that make up atoms in our universe.In the early days of the universe, these dark particles could have clumped together under gravity to form stable, super-small black holes, or similar objects that wouldn’t interact with regular matter or light, but only gravity, which makes them invisible but still capable of shaping the universe. Profumo says this could explain all the dark matter that scientists believe is out there but haven’t been able to detect.

    Representative Image

    This idea builds on the “mirror matter” theory that’s been around for years. It suggests there might be a parallel universe running alongside ours, made up of similar particles and physics, but completely hidden, except for the tiny gravitational effects we can observe (MDPI).

    He also gave dark matter theories earlier

    A study published in May in Physical Review D by Profumo suggested a completely different idea about where dark matter might come from. He said that it could have been created as radiation from the edge of the universe, specifically during a phase of rapid expansion right after the Big Bang, known as the quasi–de Sitter phase.

    Representative Image

    This theory applies quantum physics to the fabric of the expanding universe. It proposes that stable dark matter particles could have been “frozen in” from the heat at the universe’s outer horizon, like cosmic leftovers locked in place during expansion. Depending on how the early universe evolved, these particles could have a wide range of masses, from tiny to extremely heavy, close to the Planck scale.Interestingly, it doesn’t require dark matter to interact with anything from the Standard Model of physics

    Why are these theories important

    According to Phys.org, Profumo says, “Both mechanisms are highly speculative, but they offer self‑contained and calculable scenarios that don’t rely on conventional particle dark matter models, which are increasingly under pressure from null experimental results”. These ideas don’t depend on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) paradigm, which has not been detected so far, but are based on well-known physics principles that have been extended to new horizons.Future studies could refine these theories, as even if one or both ideas prove incorrect, they tell how innovative thinking and established physics can combine to challenge our assumptions and bring us closer to solving the dark matter puzzle.


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  • Liver Health: Can supplements cause liver failure? Top US doctor reveals THESE safety tips |

    Liver Health: Can supplements cause liver failure? Top US doctor reveals THESE safety tips |

    The booming supplement market often preys on young people’s insecurities, with wellness gurus promoting potentially harmful products. Unlike supplements prescribed by medical professionals tailored to individual needs, these unregulated multivitamins and gummies promising beauty enhancements may not be effective or safe. Concerns arise about the potential for organ failure due to these supplements.

    The supplement market is booming, and most of them are feeding on the insecurities of young people. While the supplements advised by qualified medical professionals are curated to your individual needs, the ones promoted by wellness gurus can often be harmful. You might have come across many multivitamins and gummies claiming to improve skin, strengthen nails, or hair. But do they really work? Most importantly, are these supplements even safe?

    Can supplements cause organ failure

    supplement

    A young woman recently revealed that she took multivitamins for hair, nails, and skin health, and instead of the promised benefits, she ended up in a hospital with organ failure. Her skin, urine, and eyes became yellow, and the doctors found that her liver was dangerously damaged. So, can you end up in an emergency room for ‘just’ taking the vitamins? Dr. Joseph Salhab, a leading gastroenterologist based in Florida, with expertise in liver health, has recently explained what must have gone wrong. “I’m seeing more cases of liver failure due to certain harmful supplements. We’re seeing an eightfold increase in liver failure. And in fact, 15 million Americans may be taking supplements that are harmful to their liver,” Dr. Salhab said in a video shared on Instagram.

    How do supplements backfire

    supplement

    Supplements are supposed to substitute to the shortcomings in the body and improve health. But how do they backfire?“It’s not because supplements are inherently bad. In fact, there are a lot of good, beneficial supplements. But the problem is, is that the safety data for a supplement does not have to be proven before it hits the shelf, and anyone can make them. That means your favorite supplement can be contaminated with harmful ingredients and additives,” he said.

    Supplements that damage the liver

    Common liver diseases to know

    The gastroenterologist also stated that certain supplements can cause liver damage and even liver failure. Why? “Because anyone can make them, they can be contaminated, and they don’t have to prove safety before you buy them,” he said. The doctor also listed some common supplements that can cause liver failure. These include:

    • Turmeric/Curcumin supplements
    • Green tea extract
    • Weight loss supplements
    • Kava
    • Black cohosh
    • Unregulated herbal remedies imported from other countries with unknown ingredients

    How to stay safe

    supplement

    (Pic courtesy: iStock)

    Dr. Salhab also shared some tips to stay safe while taking supplements.

    • Ensure the product is made by a reputable manufacturer/ company
    • Ensure the ingredients are third-party verified
    • A website named Liver Talks can tell you whether a supplement or ingredient has had documented cases of liver problems
    • Regular liver checkups (every few months)

    Top Supplements for Men’s Health Over 30

    “The test I use is called a CMP. And always make sure that you tell your doctor about any supplements you’re taking to make sure it’s not interacting with anything,” he said. Disclaimer:This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting or stopping any supplement.


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  • A manifesto for Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery in the era of disease-modifying therapies | Molecular Neurodegeneration

    A manifesto for Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery in the era of disease-modifying therapies | Molecular Neurodegeneration

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  • Pakistan’s Embassy in France organize special event to express solidarity with oppressed Kashmiris – RADIO PAKISTAN

    1. Pakistan’s Embassy in France organize special event to express solidarity with oppressed Kashmiris  RADIO PAKISTAN
    2. Pakistan Embassy in Abu Dhabi observes Youm-e-Istehsal  ptv.com.pk
    3. NA unanimously reaffirms all-out support for Kashmiris  Dawn
    4. Day of Exploitation  The Express Tribune
    5. Kashmir is Pakistan’s jugular vein; no compromise on it: CM Sindh  Dunya News

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  • Trump declines to weigh in on Israel’s Gaza occupation plan, emphasizes US humanitarian efforts

    Trump declines to weigh in on Israel’s Gaza occupation plan, emphasizes US humanitarian efforts

    US President Donald Trump declined to take a position on whether the United States would support a full Israeli reoccupation of the Gaza Strip while emphasizing ongoing American-led humanitarian efforts in the enclave.

    “As far as the rest of it, I really can’t say. That’s going to be pretty much up to Israel,” Trump told reporters Tuesday when asked whether he would support Israel reoccupying all of Gaza.

    Israeli media reported that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has decided, with US backing, to push ahead with a full-scale reoccupation of Gaza, targeting areas believed to hold Israeli captives.

    The US is “there now trying to get people fed,” Trump said, adding the country gave $60 million to supply food for the people of Gaza.

    “I know Israel is going to help us with that in terms of distribution…We also have the Arab states (which) are going to help us with that, in terms of the money and possibly distribution. So that’s what I’m focused on,” he said.

    Israeli officials said Netanyahu will convene a meeting of political and military leaders Tuesday to discuss “options” for Gaza after the collapse of indirect ceasefire talks with the Palestinian group Hamas.

    The Israeli army, rejecting international calls for a ceasefire, has pursued a brutal offensive on Gaza since Oct. 7, 2023, killing more than 61,000 Palestinians, almost half of them women and children.

    Israel’s military campaign has devastated the enclave and brought it to the verge of famine.

    Last November, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu and his former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza.

    Israel also faces a genocide case at the International Court of Justice for its war on the enclave.


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  • Talk of Field Marshal becoming president ‘nonsense’: DG ISPR

    Talk of Field Marshal becoming president ‘nonsense’: DG ISPR

    Field Marshal Asim Munir. — Facebook@ISPROfficial
    • DG ISPR rebukes reports of Field Marshal becoming president.
    • We’ll start from east, says ISPR chief on any future India attack.
    • India can be hit everywhere: military spokesperson.

    Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) Director General Lt Gen Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry has firmly refuted reports claiming Chief of Army Staff (COAS) Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir has any intention of becoming the country’s president.

    In an interview with the British journal The Economist, the chief military spokesperson termed such reports of the army chief becoming president as “nonsense”.

    This reaffirmation comes after Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif in July strongly dismissed the rumours suggesting that President Asif Ali Zardari may be asked to step down or COAS has any ambition to assume the presidency.

    Terming such claims as “mere speculation,” the premier assured that there was no truth to the reports circulating in certain sections of the media.

    Speaking to The News on the matter, the prime minister categorically stated: “Field Marshal Asim Munir has never expressed any desire to become the president, nor is there any such plan in the offing.” He emphasised that the trio of President Zardari, Field Marshal Asim Munir, and he himself share a relationship built on mutual respect and a common goal — the progress and prosperity of Pakistan.

    PM Shehbaz’s clarification came after Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, in a statement shared on his official X handle, denounced what he called a “malicious campaign” targeting President Zardari, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and the Army Chief.

    “We are fully aware of who is behind the malicious campaign,” said Naqvi, who is considered close to the top military leadership. “I have categorically stated that there has been no discussion, nor does any such idea exist, about the president being asked to resign or the COAS aspiring to assume the presidency,” he added.

    Meanwhile, DG ISPR, while responding to a question about how Pakistan would react if India repeats any act of aggression,  Lt Gen Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry said that Pakistan would begin by striking deeper within India. “We’ll start from the east. “They [India] also need to understand that they can be hit everywhere,” he added.

    Earlier in May, Pakistan and India engaged in the military confrontation triggered by an attack in April on tourists in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) that New Delhi blamed on Islamabad, before agreeing to a ceasefire.

    In response to the Indian aggression, Pakistan’s armed forces launched a large-scale retaliatory military action, named “Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos”, and targeted several Indian military targets across multiple regions.

    Pakistan downed six Indian fighter jets, including three Rafales, and dozens of drones. After at least 87 hours, the war between the two nuclear-armed nations ended on May 10 with a ceasefire agreement brokered by the US.

    The ceasefire was first announced by US President Donald Trump on social media after Washington held talks with both sides, but India has differed with Trump’s claims that it resulted from his intervention and threats to sever trade talks.

    However, Pakistan has acknowledged Trump’s efforts and formally recommended him for the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize, citing his role in defusing tensions between Islamabad and New Delhi last month.


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  • Everything to know before Season 2 premieres on Netflix

    Everything to know before Season 2 premieres on Netflix

    As Wednesday Season 2 prepares to debut on August 8, audiences are eager to revisit the supernatural world of Nevermore Academy.

    Season 1 follows Wednesday Addams (Jenna Ortega) as she joins Nevermore, a school for outcasts, after being expelled for defending her brother. There, she uncovers dark secrets while investigating a series of murders in the nearby town of Jericho. Her psychic visions and connections to her ancestor Goody Addams reveal a prophecy that hints she may destroy Nevermore.

    Wednesday’s strained relationships soon evolve into alliances. She befriends her werewolf roommate Enid, clashes with siren Bianca, and attracts the attention of Xavier.

    Her bond with normie Tyler grows, but her visions reveal he’s the Hyde, a murderous creature controlled by Laurel Gates—posing as teacher Ms Thornhill. Together, they plan to resurrect Jericho’s founder, Joseph Crackstone, using Wednesday’s blood.

    In the season finale, Goody helps Wednesday survive a fatal wound, and she, alongside Bianca and Enid, defeats Crackstone, Tyler, and Laurel. Principal Weems is killed during the conflict.

    The season ends on a cliffhanger as Xavier gifts Wednesday a phone, and she immediately receives threatening texts from a stalker.

    With classes suspended and unresolved mysteries looming, the stage is set for Season 2. The new season will reportedly explore deeper threats and emotional stakes, including the fate of Enid.

    Wednesday Season 2 will be released in two parts on Netflix, with the first half dropping on August 6 at 12 am PT/ 3 am ET and the second on September 3. 

     

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  • Social Isolation Tied to Higher Mortality in Liver Disease

    Social Isolation Tied to Higher Mortality in Liver Disease

    TOPLINE:

    Among adults with chronic liver disease, social isolation from living alone was associated with a 40% increased risk for all-cause mortality and with greater odds of food and healthcare-related transportation insecurity.

    METHODOLOGY:

    • Researchers conducted a study to examine whether social isolation increases the risk for mortality in US adults with chronic liver disease and to explore the association of social isolation with food insecurity and healthcare-related transportation insecurity.
    • They analyzed 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey data from 3676 adults aged 18 years or older with self-reported chronic liver disease.
    • Social isolation was defined as living alone. Food insecurity was assessed using a 10-item questionnaire, and healthcare-related transportation insecurity was defined as delayed access to medical care due to a lack of transportation.
    • Participants were followed from their interview date until death or the study’s end in December 2019. The mortality data were linked to the US National Death Index.

    TAKEAWAY:

    • Among US adults with chronic liver disease, 22% reported experiencing social isolation from living alone.
    • Social isolation was associated with 60% increased odds of food insecurity and 70% increased odds of healthcare-related transportation insecurity.
    • Social isolation was also independently associated with a 40% increased risk for all-cause mortality after adjusting for food and healthcare-related transportation insecurity and various sociodemographic and clinical variables.

    IN PRACTICE:

    “We hypothesize that social isolation from living alone may increase mortality risk in adults with CLD [chronic liver disease] due to lack of support for managing disease-specific complications and functional limitations in the home setting,” the authors wrote. “Routine screening for social isolation during clinic visits could help identify at-risk patients, facilitating early interventions.”

    SOURCE:

    This study, led by Tiana Walker, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, was published online in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

    LIMITATIONS:

    The study’s limitations included its cross-sectional design, which limits casual analysis, and use of self-reported chronic liver disease, which may result in misclassifications and prevents analysis related to the cause and severity of liver disease. Additionally, living alone does not fully capture social isolation, loneliness, or social support.

    DISCLOSURES:

    This study was supported by a Sojourns Scholar Award from the Cambia Health Foundation. The authors declared having no relevant conflicts of interest.

    This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.

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