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The abstract in PubMed or at the publisher’s site is linked when available and will open in a new window.

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,
It is a privilege to welcome you to the 4th AMRO Forum, co-organized with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the Bank for International Settlements. My deep appreciation goes to Eddie Yue and Zhang Tao for their partnership, to our distinguished speakers and panelists, and to all of you—joining us both in person and online—for being here today.
From Fragmentation to Resilience—this theme speaks directly to the realities facing the ASEAN+3 region and the global economy.
The world is undergoing structural change. Supply chains are being rewired, trade is increasingly shaped by strategic considerations, and technology has become contested terrain. The monetary and financial system is evolving—from growing interest in currency diversification to the emergence of parallel payment architectures and shifting capital flow patterns.
Yet the world remains deeply interconnected. Capital continues to move across borders. Policy decisions in major economies reverberate through our markets instantly. Financial institutions remain globally active, and our markets still react to the same global risk signals.
We are navigating a world in transition—no longer defined by the old rules of globalization, but not yet anchored in a new and stable order. Amid global fragmentation, the architecture of interconnection needs to evolve.
The implications are especially profound for ASEAN+3. Our region sits at the heart of global economic realignment and contributes more than 40% of global GDP growth. What happens in the world economy matters to us—and what we do as a region increasingly shapes global outcomes.
The choices ASEAN+3 makes now on integration, cooperation, and the future architecture of our financial system will influence not only our own trajectory but the stability and resilience of the global system.
Today’s discussions will confront these issues with candor and ambition.
This morning, we focus on navigating macroeconomic risks in a fragmented world. Fragmentation will continue—but deeper integration remains one of our strongest anchors. Strengthening buffers and aligning policies will reinforce the region’s collective resilience.
In the afternoon, we turn to finance. Markets are evolving rapidly, driven by non-bank intermediation and powerful waves of digital innovation. Just two weeks ago at the Singapore FinTech Festival, I witnessed firsthand how global innovators—from major financial institutions to cutting-edge start-ups—are reimaging payments, tokenization, and the very architecture of financial services. The message was unmistakable: technology is rewriting the nature of finance. These developments bring enormous opportunities for ASEAN+3 but they also open new channels for shocks. Our task is clear: harness innovation with confidence, while reinforcing the frameworks that keep our financial systems stable.
Across both sessions, one message will guide our discussion: resilience in ASEAN+3 is not achieved through isolation. It is built through adaptability, diversification, and the capacity to absorb shocks without losing cohesion.
To achieve this, ASEAN+3 must continue to move with purpose—deepen financial cooperation, accelerate investment in digital and payment infrastructure, and strengthen the institutions that enable collective action.
AMRO is fully committed to this cause. We will continue to enhance our surveillance, expand our technical assistance, and reinforce the region’s financial safety net in support of the region’s evolving needs.
The challenges are complex, but the expertise gathered here today—both on-site and online—is exceptional. I am confident that our discussions will yield concrete insights for the next phase of regional cooperation.
Let us use this Forum to think boldly—and to speak with the voice of a region that is shaping its own future.
Thank you.

HONG KONG, China, November 25, 2025 – The ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) this morning opened the 4th ASEAN+3 Economic Cooperation and Financial Stability Forum (AMRO Forum) in Hong Kong, China, co-organized this year with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
Set against a global environment marked by shifting alignments and growing fragmentation, this Forum has gathered senior policymakers, economic experts, and thought leaders across the ASEAN+3 region and beyond to deliberate on how to safeguard financial stability, strengthen macro-financial resilience, and drive sustainable long-term prosperity. Under the theme Fragmentation to Resilience: Macro-financial Stability and Regional Integration in ASEAN+3, the event has called for deeper regional cooperation to navigate rising fragmentation and uncertainty.
AMRO Director/CEO Yasuto Watanabe opened the Forum alongside HKMA Chief Executive Eddie Yue and BIS Chief Representative for Asia and the Pacific Tao Zhang.
Mr. Watanabe said: “Amid global fragmentation, the architecture of interconnection needs to evolve. To anchor resilience, ASEAN+3 region must act together to strengthen integration, reinforce our financial frameworks, and ensure that the region remains adaptable, diversified, and capable of absorbing shocks.”
Mr. Yue of the HKMA said: “Through enhanced regional collaboration and integration, ASEAN+3 economies have strengthened their resilience to shocks amid a challenging external environment. I am confident that the discussions today—on macroeconomic risks, on the shifting global financial landscape, and on the priorities for cooperation—will yield valuable insights that will guide our collective efforts in the years to come.”
With a focus on issues facing Asian central banks, Mr. Zhang of the BIS highlighted that “close cooperation among central banks and between the public and private sectors, both within the region and beyond, is essential to withstand economic risks. Today’s forum provides a valuable opportunity for all of us to exchange insights, deepen common understanding, and collectively reflect on the region’s policy priorities,” he said.
The Forum program features two major sessions:
Session 1: Macroeconomic Risks and Regional Integration Amid Global Fragmentation
Keynote speakers are Heiwai Tang (Director, Asia Global Institute, The University of Hong Kong) and Barry Eichengreen (Distinguished Professor, University of California, Berkeley). They will lead into a panel moderated by Dong He (Chief Economist, AMRO) and featuring:
Session 2: The Changing Global Financial Landscape: Implications for Monetary and Financial Stability
Keynotes will be delivered by Julia Leung (Chief Executive Officer, Securities and Futures Commission) and Hyun Song Shin (Economic Adviser & Head of Monetary & Economic Department, BIS). This will be followed by a panel moderated by Daniel Rees (Head of Central Bank Cooperation, Monetary & Economic Department, BIS) and featuring:
The 4th AMRO Forum runs alongside the ASEAN+3 Finance and Central Bank Deputies’ Meeting, reinforcing the Forum’s positioning as a vital touchstone for policy dialogue and regional cooperation.
AMRO extends its sincere appreciation to HKMA and BIS for their strong support and cooperation in delivering this successful event.
For those unable to attend in person, please visit here to watch the AMRO Forum online. Selected opening remarks and keynote speeches will be made available on the AMRO website after the event.
About AMRO
The ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) is an international organization established to contribute toward securing macroeconomic and financial stability of the ASEAN+3 region, comprising members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China; Hong Kong, China; Japan; and Korea. AMRO’s mandate is to conduct macroeconomic surveillance, support regional financial arrangements, and provide technical assistance to the members. In addition, AMRO also serves as a regional knowledge hub and provides support to ASEAN+3 financial cooperation.
