Category: 3. Business

  • Exploring Valuation as Analyst Optimism Grows Ahead of Upcoming Earnings Release

    Exploring Valuation as Analyst Optimism Grows Ahead of Upcoming Earnings Release

    Expeditors International of Washington (EXPD) has been attracting investor interest because of its record of outperforming earnings estimates over the last two quarters. Analysts are now watching for the next report in early November.

    See our latest analysis for Expeditors International of Washington.

    Expeditors International’s share price has rebounded in recent weeks, rising 7.4% over the past 90 days and recapturing ground lost earlier this quarter. Despite muted total shareholder return of just 0.8% over the past year, the stock’s three- and five-year total returns remain impressive. This suggests that while near-term momentum is building, long-term investors have still enjoyed strong compounding gains overall.

    If strong execution like this has you looking further afield, now is the perfect opportunity to discover fast growing stocks with high insider ownership.

    That leaves investors with a key question: Is Expeditors International currently undervalued given its recent momentum and analyst optimism, or has the market already priced in the company’s future growth prospects?

    Expeditors International trades at a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 19.1x, notably higher than both the global logistics industry average of 15.7x and its estimated fair P/E of 12x. With shares closing at $119.92, this elevated multiple suggests the market is paying a premium for expected earnings compared to many peers.

    The price-to-earnings ratio measures how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of reported earnings. In the logistics sector, it is often used as a gauge of growth or quality relative to industry standards. For Expeditors International, this high P/E could signal that investors expect sustained earnings outperformance or have confidence in the company’s ability to weather industry cycles.

    However, when compared to the global logistics average and the estimated fair value multiple for the business, Expeditors International’s premium stands out. This gap may indicate some market over-optimism about future growth, or it could reflect perceived strengths such as high returns on equity and a history of quality earnings. If the market normalizes, valuations could move closer to the fair ratio, so investors should keep that possibility in mind.

    Explore the SWS fair ratio for Expeditors International of Washington

    Result: Price-to-Earnings of 19.1x (OVERVALUED)

    However, slowing revenue growth and negative net income trends could challenge further upside if Expeditors International does not reaccelerate operational performance soon.

    Find out about the key risks to this Expeditors International of Washington narrative.

    Beyond earnings multiples, a different story emerges when looking at Expeditors International through the lens of our DCF model. The SWS DCF model suggests the company is currently trading around 22% below its estimated fair value. This signals the shares may be undervalued despite the high price-to-earnings ratio. Could the market be missing something about Expeditors’ long-term cash flow potential?

    Look into how the SWS DCF model arrives at its fair value.

    EXPD Discounted Cash Flow as at Oct 2025

    Simply Wall St performs a discounted cash flow (DCF) on every stock in the world every day (check out Expeditors International of Washington for example). We show the entire calculation in full. You can track the result in your watchlist or portfolio and be alerted when this changes, or use our stock screener to discover undervalued stocks based on their cash flows. If you save a screener we even alert you when new companies match – so you never miss a potential opportunity.

    If you would like to look at the numbers yourself or take a different approach, it only takes a few minutes to build your own story and see where your research leads. Do it your way

    A great starting point for your Expeditors International of Washington research is our analysis highlighting 2 key rewards and 2 important warning signs that could impact your investment decision.

    If you want to stay ahead and seize the smartest opportunities the market offers, the Simply Wall St Screener is your go-to resource for fresh stock ideas.

    • Unlock the potential of artificial intelligence by checking out these 24 AI penny stocks, where you can find companies transforming industries and pioneering machine learning innovations.

    • Maximize your income by exploring these 18 dividend stocks with yields > 3%, where you’ll find stocks that offer attractive yields and reliable cash flow for your portfolio.

    • Take the lead in tomorrow’s tech with these 26 quantum computing stocks, where you can find firms at the forefront of quantum computing advancements.

    This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.

    Companies discussed in this article include EXPD.

    Have feedback on this article? Concerned about the content? Get in touch with us directly. Alternatively, email editorial-team@simplywallst.com

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  • Tracking the Changing Narrative for Sabanci Holding After Key Portfolio and Valuation Updates

    Tracking the Changing Narrative for Sabanci Holding After Key Portfolio and Valuation Updates

    Haci Ömer Sabanci Holding stock has seen its estimated fair value rise slightly, up from TRY 143.52 to TRY 146.10, even as growth projections have shifted. According to analyst commentary, this modest uptick in the price target reflects the company’s ability to navigate industry conditions and adapt to changing business dynamics. This is despite some adjustments to revenue expectations and discount rates. Stay tuned to discover how investors and analysts are tracking this evolving story and how you can follow ongoing updates to the narrative.

    Analyst perspectives on Haci Ömer Sabanci Holding remain largely constructive, with commentary centering on the company’s recent ability to manage industry shifts and deliver operational consistency. While explicit references to this specific company are limited in the current research inputs, the available analyst outlooks provide insights into the types of factors that have influenced street expectations around valuation and future growth.

    🐂 Bullish Takeaways

    • Analysts have generally cited strong execution and a focus on cost reductions as key reasons for the resilience seen in adjusted price targets, despite broader industry challenges.

    • The ability to sustain higher gross margins and exhibit ongoing adaptability is being rewarded with modest price target increases. This highlights confidence in management’s operational discipline.

    • Market participants appear to appreciate continued vigilance in navigating complex business conditions, which contributes to the incremental rise in fair value estimates for the stock.

    🐻 Bearish Takeaways

    • Some caution remains, with neutral ratings indicating that while execution is solid, upside may already be reflected in the current valuation.

    • Adjustments to revenue expectations and discount rates remain a key reservation as analysts weigh potential near-term risks to growth momentum.

    Do your thoughts align with the Bull or Bear Analysts? Perhaps you think there’s more to the story. Head to the Simply Wall St Community to discover more perspectives or begin writing your own Narrative!

    IBSE:SAHOL Community Fair Values as at Oct 2025
    • Sabanci Holding is considering divesting certain subsidiaries with lower net profit margins and returns on equity. This potential move was highlighted in recent discussions between executives and analysts, according to Reuters.

    • Market observers report that technology retailer Teknosa and food retailer Carrefoursa are among the businesses that may be evaluated for possible divestiture as Sabanci Holding optimizes its portfolio.

    • The company is reportedly reviewing additional subsidiaries to align its business focus and improve overall financial efficiency. This signals a move toward increased strategic selectivity.

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  • Sac-TMT Improves PFS in HR+/HER2– Metastatic Breast Cancer | Targeted Oncology

    Sac-TMT Improves PFS in HR+/HER2– Metastatic Breast Cancer | Targeted Oncology

    The TROP2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT; SKB264; MK-2870) yielded superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy in patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive (+), HER2-negative (–) breast cancer, according to updated findings from the phase 3 OptiTROP-Breast02 trial (NCT06081959), presented at the 2025 ESMO Congress.1

    Notably, sac-TMT elicited a 65% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death vs chemotherapy (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26-0.48; P <.0001) and showed a consistent benefit across subgroups. At a median follow-up of 7.4 months, the median PFS (mPFS) in patients receiving sac-TMT (8.3 months; 95% CI, 7.0-8.6) was approximately twice that of patients receiving chemotherapy (4.1 months; 95% CI, 3.0-4.3).

    Additionally, an interim analysis of overall survival (OS) revealed a positive trend among those receiving sac-TMT compared to those receiving chemotherapy (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.61).

    “The current chemotherapy options [for HR+/HER2– breast cancer] show limited efficacy,” said Man Li, professor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, during the presentation.1 “Sac-TMT has shown promising activity in pretreated patients with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer in [a] phase 2 study [NCT04152499].”

    These new statistically significant and clinically meaningful efficacy data from OptiTROP-Breast02, along with an observed manageable safety profile, strengthen the case for sac-TMT as a potential new treatment option for this patient population who comprise a vast majority of global breast cancer cases.1

    “The OptiTROP-Breast02 study supports sac-TMT as a new treatment option for patients with HR+/HER2– breast cancer following endocrine-based therapy and chemotherapy,” said Li.

    What Is the Design of OptiTROP-Breast02?

    OptiTROP-Breast02 is a global, randomized, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sac-TMT vs investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (ICC) in adult patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic HR+/HER2– breast cancer who had failed at least 1 line of systemic chemotherapy.2 The study is assessing the primary end point of PFS, along with secondary end points of investigator-assessed OS, objective response rate, disease control rate, and duration of response.

    Patients were eligible for participation if they had HR+/HER2– breast cancer, had between 1 and 4 lines of chemotherapy, and had at least 1 endocrine therapy, CDK 4/6 inhibitor, and taxane in any setting. Of 399 patients randomized 1:1 to either the investigational arm (n = 200) or control arm (n = 199), 200 received 5 mg/kg of intravenous sac-TMT every 2 weeks, while 196 received ICC including eribulin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine.

    What Were the Patient Characteristics in the OptiTROP-Breast02 trial?

    Patient characteristics were well balanced between the study arms. Across both arms, the median age was 54 years (range, 31-74), two-thirds had an ECOG performance status of 1, about 53% were HER2 zero, and 47% were HER2 low. About 96% of patients had visceral metastases and over three-fourths had liver metastases. About three-fourths of patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and all patients had received prior taxane, endocrine therapy, and a CDK 4/6 inhibitor. About 56% of patients had received at least 2 lines of chemotherapy in the advanced/metastatic setting and a little over one-fourth of patients had primary endocrine resistance.

    What Was the Safety Profile of Sac-TMT?

    This most recent report of safety data revealed a manageable safety profile, with no new safety signals. In terms of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), the incidence of all-grade and grade ≥3 TRAEs was comparable between investigational and control arms. The most common TRAEs for both sac-TMT and chemotherapy were hematologic toxicities, including decreased white blood cell count, anemia, and neutropenia. While stomatitis was more frequent in patients receiving sac-TMT (63% vs 8%), Li noted that these events were primarily low-grade and manageable.

    Treatment discontinuation occurred in 87 and 138 patients in the investigational and control arms, respectively. The most common reason for discontinuation was radiographic disease progression in both the investigational arm (n = 80) and control arm (n = 122).

    What Are the Next Steps With Sac-TMT?

    Regarding next steps Li said, “Phase 3 studies of sac-TMT as a monotherapy and/or in combination with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in patients with chemotherapy-naïve HR+/HER2– breast cancer are ongoing globally (NCT06312176) and in China (NCT07071337).”

    DISCLOSURES: Li had no interests to declare pertaining to this presentation.

    REFERENCES:

    1. Li, M. Sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT) vs investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (ICC) in previously treated locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer (BC): results from the randomized, multi-center phase 3 OptiTROP-Breast02 study. Presented at: ESMO 2025 Congress; October 17–20, 2025; Berlin Germany. Abstract LBA23.
    2. Study of SKB264 for Locally Advanced, Recurrent or Metastatic HR+/​HER2- Breast Cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated December 12, 2024. Accessed October 18, 2025. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06081959

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  • Objective’s (ASX:OCL) five-year total shareholder returns outpace the underlying earnings growth

    Objective’s (ASX:OCL) five-year total shareholder returns outpace the underlying earnings growth

    Passive investing in index funds can generate returns that roughly match the overall market. But in our experience, buying the right stocks can give your wealth a significant boost. For example, the Objective Corporation Limited (ASX:OCL) share price is 45% higher than it was five years ago, which is more than the market average. It’s fair to say the stock has continued its long term trend in the last year, over which it has risen 24%.

    Since the long term performance has been good but there’s been a recent pullback of 4.5%, let’s check if the fundamentals match the share price.

    This technology could replace computers: discover the 20 stocks are working to make quantum computing a reality.

    In his essay The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville Warren Buffett described how share prices do not always rationally reflect the value of a business. One flawed but reasonable way to assess how sentiment around a company has changed is to compare the earnings per share (EPS) with the share price.

    During five years of share price growth, Objective achieved compound earnings per share (EPS) growth of 26% per year. This EPS growth is higher than the 8% average annual increase in the share price. So one could conclude that the broader market has become more cautious towards the stock. Of course, with a P/E ratio of 50.83, the market remains optimistic.

    You can see how EPS has changed over time in the image below (click on the chart to see the exact values).

    ASX:OCL Earnings Per Share Growth October 19th 2025

    It’s probably worth noting that the CEO is paid less than the median at similar sized companies. But while CEO remuneration is always worth checking, the really important question is whether the company can grow earnings going forward. Before buying or selling a stock, we always recommend a close examination of historic growth trends, available here..

    It is important to consider the total shareholder return, as well as the share price return, for any given stock. Whereas the share price return only reflects the change in the share price, the TSR includes the value of dividends (assuming they were reinvested) and the benefit of any discounted capital raising or spin-off. It’s fair to say that the TSR gives a more complete picture for stocks that pay a dividend. As it happens, Objective’s TSR for the last 5 years was 52%, which exceeds the share price return mentioned earlier. This is largely a result of its dividend payments!

    It’s good to see that Objective has rewarded shareholders with a total shareholder return of 26% in the last twelve months. And that does include the dividend. That’s better than the annualised return of 9% over half a decade, implying that the company is doing better recently. Someone with an optimistic perspective could view the recent improvement in TSR as indicating that the business itself is getting better with time. Most investors take the time to check the data on insider transactions. You can click here to see if insiders have been buying or selling.

    For those who like to find winning investments this free list of undervalued companies with recent insider purchasing, could be just the ticket.

    Please note, the market returns quoted in this article reflect the market weighted average returns of stocks that currently trade on Australian exchanges.

    Have feedback on this article? Concerned about the content? Get in touch with us directly. Alternatively, email editorial-team (at) simplywallst.com.

    This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.

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  • Bubble Debate Drives Korean Retail Investors to Risky VIX Bets

    Bubble Debate Drives Korean Retail Investors to Risky VIX Bets

    Investors in South Korea looking to hedge their big US stock holdings or play their next wager are embracing a new type of trades: leveraged VIX bets.

    With about $130 million in inflows this year, the 2x Long VIX Futures exchange-traded fund — which seeks twice the returns of a gauge tracking Cboe Volatility Index futures — has become one of the favorite US-listed ETFs and was the seventh most bought in July, according to data from the Korea Securities Depository. The additions represent about one-fifth of the ETF’s global inflows.

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  • Chinese tech giants pause stablecoin plans after Beijing steps in

    Chinese tech giants pause stablecoin plans after Beijing steps in

    Unlock the Editor’s Digest for free

    Chinese tech giants have paused plans to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong, after Beijing raised concerns about the rise of currencies controlled by the private sector.

    Companies including Alibaba-backed Ant Group and ecommerce group JD.com had said over the summer they would participate in Hong Kong’s pilot stablecoin programme or issue virtual asset-backed products, such as tokenised bonds.

    But they have since put their stablecoin ambitions on hold after receiving instructions from Chinese regulators, including the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) and Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), not to move ahead, according to multiple people familiar with the situation.

    PBoC officials advised against participating in the initial stablecoin rollout over concerns about allowing tech groups and brokerages to issue any type of currency, five people said.

    One person with knowledge of the central bank’s briefings to the tech groups said the issuance of privately run stablecoins was also seen as a challenge to the PBoC’s digital currency project, the e-CNY.

    “The real regulatory concern is, who has the ultimate right of coinage — the central bank or any private companies on the market?” said a different person.

    Stablecoins are digital tokens pegged to fiat currencies such as the US dollar and are a cornerstone of crypto trading.

    The pushback from Chinese authorities underscores how regulators around the world are keen to respond to the rise of stablecoins, particularly after the Trump administration championed them as a pillar of mainstream finance and a vehicle to project the US dollar’s dominance.

    The European Central Bank has said widespread adoption of dollar stablecoins could hinder its ability to control monetary policy.

    The Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the territory’s de facto central bank, in August started accepting applications for stablecoin issuers, establishing itself as a testing ground for the mainland.

    In China, interest in the Hong Kong programme swelled over the summer, with some officials suggesting that renminbi-denominated stablecoins would potentially boost the yuan’s international use. 

    Zhu Guangyao, former vice-minister of finance in China, argued in June that “the strategic purpose behind the US promotion of stablecoins is to preserve dollar supremacy” and it is crucial for China to respond to that financial challenge with the development of a stablecoin pegged to renminbi.

    “We should fully leverage the pilot programmes in Hong Kong,” Zhu said at a forum in Beijing in June. “The renminbi stablecoin must be integrated into the overall design of the national financial strategy.” 

    But two people with knowledge of the tech groups’ plans said financial regulators were taking a more cautious approach following a speech by former PBoC governor Zhou Xiaochuan in late August.

    At a closed door financial forum in Beijing in July, Zhou urged a thorough evaluation of stablecoins and potential systemic risks they posed. 

    “We need to be vigilant against the risk of stablecoins being excessively used for asset speculation, as misdirection could trigger fraud and instability in the financial system,” Zhou said at the China Finance 40 Forum, according to an article later published by the state-backed think-tank.

    Zhou urged a “careful assessment of the true demand of tokenisation as a technological foundation”.

    He added: “Although many believe stablecoins will reshape the payments system, in reality, there is little room to cut costs in the current system, particularly in retail payments.”

    PBoC declined to comment. HKMA said it does not comment on market rumours. CAC, Ant and JD.com did not respond to requests for comment.

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  • The past five years for Amotiv (ASX:AOV) investors has not been profitable

    The past five years for Amotiv (ASX:AOV) investors has not been profitable

    The main aim of stock picking is to find the market-beating stocks. But the main game is to find enough winners to more than offset the losers So we wouldn’t blame long term Amotiv Limited (ASX:AOV) shareholders for doubting their decision to hold, with the stock down 33% over a half decade.

    Now let’s have a look at the company’s fundamentals, and see if the long term shareholder return has matched the performance of the underlying business.

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    While the efficient markets hypothesis continues to be taught by some, it has been proven that markets are over-reactive dynamic systems, and investors are not always rational. One way to examine how market sentiment has changed over time is to look at the interaction between a company’s share price and its earnings per share (EPS).

    In the last half decade Amotiv saw its share price fall as its EPS declined below zero. This was, in part, due to extraordinary items impacting earnings. At present it’s hard to make valid comparisons between EPS and the share price. However, we can say we’d expect to see a falling share price in this scenario.

    You can see below how EPS has changed over time (discover the exact values by clicking on the image).

    ASX:AOV Earnings Per Share Growth October 18th 2025

    It’s good to see that there was some significant insider buying in the last three months. That’s a positive. On the other hand, we think the revenue and earnings trends are much more meaningful measures of the business. Dive deeper into the earnings by checking this interactive graph of Amotiv’s earnings, revenue and cash flow.

    It is important to consider the total shareholder return, as well as the share price return, for any given stock. The TSR is a return calculation that accounts for the value of cash dividends (assuming that any dividend received was reinvested) and the calculated value of any discounted capital raisings and spin-offs. So for companies that pay a generous dividend, the TSR is often a lot higher than the share price return. As it happens, Amotiv’s TSR for the last 5 years was -16%, which exceeds the share price return mentioned earlier. The dividends paid by the company have thusly boosted the total shareholder return.

    While the broader market gained around 12% in the last year, Amotiv shareholders lost 8.3% (even including dividends). However, keep in mind that even the best stocks will sometimes underperform the market over a twelve month period. Unfortunately, last year’s performance may indicate unresolved challenges, given that it was worse than the annualised loss of 3% over the last half decade. Generally speaking long term share price weakness can be a bad sign, though contrarian investors might want to research the stock in hope of a turnaround. While it is well worth considering the different impacts that market conditions can have on the share price, there are other factors that are even more important. Take risks, for example – Amotiv has 2 warning signs we think you should be aware of.

    Amotiv is not the only stock that insiders are buying. For those who like to find lesser know companies this free list of growing companies with recent insider purchasing, could be just the ticket.

    Please note, the market returns quoted in this article reflect the market weighted average returns of stocks that currently trade on Australian exchanges.

    Have feedback on this article? Concerned about the content? Get in touch with us directly. Alternatively, email editorial-team (at) simplywallst.com.

    This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.

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  • Why Analysts Are Rethinking Hochschild Mining After Recent Forecast Shifts and Price Target Updates

    Why Analysts Are Rethinking Hochschild Mining After Recent Forecast Shifts and Price Target Updates

    Hochschild Mining’s stock narrative has shifted, as the Fair Value Estimate has been raised from £3.63 to £4.21 per share. This significant upward revision is driven by recent analyst activity. The change comes amid a modest drop in the Discount Rate and an improved outlook for revenue growth. Stay tuned to discover how investors can keep abreast of these evolving forecasts and what it means for the future of Hochschild Mining.

    Analyst sentiment on Hochschild Mining has been notably active, with significant price target revisions in recent months. Commentary from leading firms has highlighted both optimism and caution around the company’s valuation and outlook.

    🐂 Bullish Takeaways

    • Berenberg recently raised its price target on Hochschild Mining to 380 GBp from 280 GBp. This reflects renewed confidence in the company’s upside potential.

    • Canaccord continues to maintain a Buy rating on the shares with a new price target of 350 GBp, signaling belief in Hochschild’s underlying growth drivers and execution quality.

    • The upward adjustment in price targets underscores analysts’ recognition of revenue growth momentum and a positive shift in fundamentals.

    • Key drivers identified by analysts include improving cost control and stronger operational transparency.

    • Despite the bullish outlook, some reservations remain regarding valuation levels and the extent to which near-term upside is already priced into the stock.

    🐻 Bearish Takeaways

    • JPMorgan, represented by analyst Patrick Jones, lowered its price target to 370 GBp from 390 GBp. This reflects a more cautious stance even while maintaining an Overweight rating.

    • Berenberg has also demonstrated caution by previously lowering its price target from 300 GBp to 280 GBp, highlighting persistent concerns.

    • Bearish commentary centers on elevated valuation and the risks associated with near-term headwinds.

    • Some analysts caution that while operational improvements are evident, much of the positive outlook may now be reflected in the share price, limiting further short-term upside.

    Overall, while analysts acknowledge progress in Hochschild Mining’s growth and execution, opinions remain split. Ongoing valuation risks and priced-in optimism temper some of the renewed enthusiasm even as select firms raise their targets.

    Do your thoughts align with the Bull or Bear Analysts? Perhaps you think there’s more to the story. Head to the Simply Wall St Community to discover more perspectives or begin writing your own Narrative!

    LSE:HOC Community Fair Values as at Oct 2025
    • Hochschild Mining reported unaudited operating results for the first half of 2025, revealing a decline in silver production to 4,624 thousand ounces from 5,016 thousand ounces in the previous year. Gold production increased to 131.74 thousand ounces compared with 120.16 thousand ounces year-over-year.

    • The company’s total silver equivalent production rose to 15,559 thousand ounces, up from 14,989 thousand ounces in the same period last year. Total gold equivalent production also climbed to 187.45 thousand ounces from last year’s 180.59 thousand ounces.

    • Hochschild revised its 2025 Mara Rosa production target downward and now expects 35,000 to 45,000 ounces compared to the previous forecast of 94,000 to 104,000 ounces.

    • The company lowered its 2025 operations attributable production guidance, now projecting 291,000 to 319,000 gold equivalent ounces. This is a reduction from the earlier guidance of 350,000 to 378,000 ounces.

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  • Why export controls accelerate innovation: Evidence from the 2007 US ‘China Rule’

    Geopolitical rivalries have reshaped the global economy and have led to a resurgence of trade sanctions worldwide (Mohr and Trebesch 2025, Clayton et al. 2023, 2024). One common form of sanction is the export control, which restricts sales of certain items to specific destinations, usually geopolitical rivals. The stated purpose of export controls is to constrain the technological progress and military capacity of rivals. However, a key question surrounds such policies: do they inadvertently spur domestic innovation in rivals? In this column and a recent working paper, we bring granular firm-level evidence from China to this debate (Liu et al. 2025).

    We study the ‘China Military Catch-All Rule’, implemented in 2007 by the US Bureau of Industry and Security, which tightened export rules for certain dual-use items to China. When first proposed, the policy covered 77 HS six-digit categories; after an inter-agency review, 18 were removed. We exploit this change to estimate the policy’s causal effects on imports and innovation. Our baseline difference-in-differences strategy compares firms that imported controlled items before 2007 with firms that imported only the excluded items, which serve as our control group. We corroborate our results with propensity-score matching and synthetic difference-in-differences. To trace both trade and innovation responses, we link transaction-level Chinese customs data, firm surveys, value-added tax (VAT) invoice data on interfirm linkages within China, and the universe of Chinese patent applications.

    Large and persistent declines in controlled imports

    We find that the policy generated an immediate contraction in targeted trade (see Figure 1). Relative to control firms, pre-period importers of controlled goods were 18 percentage points less likely to import those goods from the US after 2007. The value of such imports fell by roughly 89% from the pre-period mean. Substitution from the rest of the world only partly offset the loss: the probability of importing controlled goods from any foreign source fell by about ten percentage points, and import value dropped by roughly 55%. Event-study estimates show a sharp break in 2007 that persists thereafter.

    Figure 1 Response of Chinese firm imports to export controls 

    Notes: The specification includes firm fixed effects, county-by-year fixed effects, and interactions of pre-period firm characteristics with year fixed effects. The pre-period characteristics include average pre-2007 firm sales growth, R&D spending, patent counts, and inventor counts. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. The bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Source: Liu et al. (2025), Figure 2.

    Exposed firms responded with a broad surge in innovation

    Firms exposed to the export controls substantially increased innovation activity (see Figure 2). Compared to firms in the control group, they were 3.6 percentage points more likely to report any R&D spending, and their R&D outlays rose by about 49%. They were also 2.8 percentage points more likely to file any patent, with total applications up by about 41%. The innovation response was broad: patents related to controlled technologies rose by about 65%, while patents on other topics rose by about 42%. The number of active inventors at a firm increased by about 30%. These effects emerged quickly after 2007 and grew over time, indicating a persistent shift. The aggregate response is driven by non-state-owned firms.

    Figure 2 Response of Chinese firm innovation to export controls

    Notes: The specification includes firm fixed effects, county-by-year fixed effects, and interactions of pre-period firm characteristics with year fixed effects. The pre-period characteristics include average pre-2007 firm sales growth, R&D spending, patent counts, and inventor counts. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level. The bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Source: Liu et al. (2025), Figure 3 (a) and (b).

    Exposed upstream suppliers increased innovation in sanctioned domains

    We also examine upstream domestic suppliers, defined as firms that sold controlled products to treated firms before 2007. We identify suppliers of treated and control firms by leveraging firm-to-firm relationships from China’s VAT invoice database. Treated suppliers were 4.4 percentage points more likely to file any patent in controlled domains, and their related patent counts rose by roughly 360% relative to baseline. Patenting in other topics did not increase significantly. Thus, while directly exposed firms innovated broadly, upstream suppliers concentrated innovation specifically in the sanctioned technologies. These results highlight the importance of production-chain spillovers in the innovation response to export controls.

    Conclusion

    A growing literature studies how export controls matter for issuing countries. For example, Crosignani et al. (2024) show that US export controls hastened financial and real decoupling from Chinese firms: US suppliers saw lower stock returns, reduced bank lending, weaker profitability, and job losses. Other work shows how sanctions affect third countries. For example, US export controls on China prompted Japanese multinationals to exit the Chinese market; US Entity List sanctions on Huawei led Japanese suppliers to export less to China.

    By contrast, much less is known about how export controls affect the targeted economies. Recent work by Alfaro et al. (2025) finds that China’s 2010 rare-earth export quotas induced alternative supply and downstream innovation worldwide, while Egorov et al. (2025) document how post-2022 export sanctions disrupted production and supply chains in Russia, especially in strategic sectors. Our study complements this emerging literature by providing evidence on how a destination-specific export control can stimulate innovation within the targeted country itself.

    Overall, our results provide new empirical evidence on a key trade-off inherent to export controls as a geopolitical instrument. In the short run, they reduce the target’s access to critical inputs. Yet controls can also spur domestic innovation, and our results show that this response is economically meaningful in magnitude and persistence. As policymakers deploy export controls, they will need to weigh the short-run benefits against the long-run costs to ensure that the policies do not create the very problem they were intended to prevent.

    References

    Alfaro, L, H Fadinger, J Schymik and G Virananda (2025), “Trade and Industrial Policy in Supply Chains: Directed Technological Change in Rare Earths”, NBER Working Paper 33877.

    Clayton, C, M Maggiori and J Schreger (2023), “A Framework for Geoeconomics”, Working Paper.

    Clayton, C, M Maggiori and J Schreger (2024), “A Theory of Economic Coercion and Fragmentation”, Working Paper.

    Crosignani, M, L Han, M Macchiavelli and A F Silva (2024), “Geopolitical Risk and Decoupling: Evidence from US Export Controls”, Working Paper.

    Egorov, K, V Korovkin, A Makarin and D Nigmatulina (2025), “Trade Sanctions”, Available at SSRN 5404040.

    Fukao, K and I Deseatnicov (2025), “US export controls and the restructuring of global value chains: An analysis of Japanese multinationals’ exits from China”, VoxEU.org, 14 February.

    Hayakawa, K and K Ito (2025), “The ripple beyond borders: Indirect effects of US export controls on Japanese firms”, VoxEU.org, 1 August.

    Liu, X, Y Liu, A Makarin and J Wen (2025), “Export Controls and Innovation in Sanctioned Countries”, CEPR Discussion Paper 20690. https://cepr.org/publications/dp20690

    Mohr, C and C Trebesch (2025), “Geoeconomics”, Annual Review of Economics.

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  • Government aims to create 400,000 jobs through UK national green energy plan | Renewable energy

    Government aims to create 400,000 jobs through UK national green energy plan | Renewable energy

    Plumbers, electricians and welders will be in huge demand as part of a national plan to train people for an extra 400,000 green jobs in the next five years, Ed Miliband has said.

    The energy secretary revealed a new scheme to double those working in green industries by 2030, with a particular focus on training those coming from fossil fuel jobs, school leavers, the unemployed, veterans and ex-offenders.

    He said the plan would involve measures to ensure companies receiving public grants and contracts need to create good jobs across the clean energy sector. It will also promote greater trade union recognition and collective bargaining in the clean energy sector, including when jobs are offshore.

    Miliband’s announcement was welcomed by unions from Unite to the GMB, which have long been pushing for a more detailed plan for how people will switch from old fossil fuel industries to those in clean energy in the future.

    As part of the plan, 31 professions will be designated as priorities for recruitment and training, with plumbers, heating and ventilating installers at the top of the list with an additional 8,000 to 10,000 needed by 2030. Carpenters, electricians and welders are the next highest in demand on the list, with 4,000 to 8,500 extra of each required.

    Miliband said the national plan “answers a key question about where the good jobs of the future will come from”.

    Ed Miliband, the energy secretary, says the national plan makes clear what jobs are needed for the green energy transition. Photograph: James Glossop/Reuters

    As well as flagging to jobseekers what kind of green jobs are needed, the energy secretary said it would “send a signal to the mayors, regional mayors, who have lots of responsibilities in this area about where they need to be directing their further education colleges and others where the big opportunities are.

    “It sends a signal to industry, who have been saying … set out what are the needs going be and how are we going to fill them.”

    Miliband said the promise of hundreds of thousands of new roles in the renewables and clean energy sector would show that Reform UK is “waging war on jobs” by challenging the switch to net zero.

    “Obviously, this is a massive fight with Reform,” he said. “Reformers said they’ll wage war on clean energy. Well, that’s waging war on these jobs … It’s all part of their attempt at a culture war, but I actually think they’re out of tune with the British people because I think people recognise that we need, that we want the jobs from clean energy.

    “We want the lower bills that it can bring. So let’s have the argument as a country about what we’re going to do. I’m really confident we can win this argument.”

    He said estimates show jobs in wind, nuclear, and electricity networks all advertise average salaries of more than £50,000, compared with the UK average of £37,000, and are spread across coastal and post-industrial communities.

    Other announcements in the plan include five new technical excellence colleges that will help train young people into essential roles, with skills pilots in Cheshire, Lincolnshire and Pembrokeshire to be backed by £2.5m towards new training centres, courses or career advisers.

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    There will also be a new programme to match veterans up with careers in solar panel installation, wind turbine factories and nuclear power stations, with other tailored schemes for ex-offenders, school leavers and the unemployed.

    Government research suggests that 13,700 people who were out of work possessed many of the skills required for key roles in the clean energy sector, such as engineering and skilled trades.

    There will also be a focus on upskilling existing oil and gas workers, who will benefit from up to £20m in total from the UK and Scottish governments to provide bespoke careers training for thousands of new roles in clean energy.

    Sharon Graham, Unite’s general secretary, said: “Well paid, secure work must be at the heart of any green transition. Unite members will welcome the commitment to 400,000 green jobs with strong collective bargaining rights. The actions set out in this plan are initial steps in what must be an ambitious strategy for tangible jobs, backed by an equally ambitious programme of public investment.”

    Charlotte Brumpton-Childs, a national officer at the GMB, said: “GMB has long campaigned for a jobs-first transition. The government is listening and having a jobs plan to underpin the industrial strategy is exactly what this country needs.”

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