Beijing’s new export controls on rare earths go well beyond restricting access to a critical technology input, according to a former White House advisor.
On Thursday, China’s commerce ministry said that starting on Dec. 1 a license will be required for foreign companies to export products with more than 0.1% of rare earths from China or that are made with Chinese production technology.
That prompted President Donald Trump to announce Friday that he will impose an additional 100% tariff on China and limit U.S. exports of software. But while it seemed like the latest tit-for-tat exchange in the U.S.-China trade war, there’s much more at stake.
“We should not miss the fundamental point on rare earths: China has crafted a policy that gives it the power to forbid any country on Earth from participating in the modern economy,” Dean Ball, who served as a senior advisor in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy earlier this year, wrote on X on Saturday.
“They can do this because they diligently built industrial capacity no one else had the fortitude to build. They were willing to tolerate costs—financial and environmental and otherwise—to do it. Now the rest of the world must do the same.”
China has a stranglehold on rare earths, producing more than 90% of the world’s processed rare earths and rare earth magnets. They are used across industries, from the tech sector to automakers and defense contractors.
They are so critical that U.S. car companies have curbed production due to rare earth shortages as China has leveraged the supply to counter Trump’s tariffs.
While ongoing talks between Washington and Beijing had eased access somewhat, trade tensions were simmering ahead of the latest flare-up on Friday.
For example, the U.S. moved to restrict other countries’ exports of semiconductor-related products to China. And this past week, the U.S. announced port fees on Chinese ships, prompting Beijing to impose a similar fee on U.S. ships docking at Chinese ports. China also launched an antitrust investigation into U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm.
“In other words, the United States can cut China off from the chips of today, but China can make it vastly harder to build the chips and other advanced technologies of tomorrow,” Michael Froman, president of the Council on Foreign Relations and a former U.S. Trade Representative, said in a Substack post on Friday.
Economist Robin Brooks, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, observed that markets expect Trump’s new China tariff threat will backfire on the U.S.
But he rejected the idea that China has the upper hand over the U.S., saying in a post on Sunday that its exporters are suffering steep drops in profits due to Trump’s tariffs.
“This means that China may be using rare earths to escalate the stand-off with the US because it has no other choice,” Brooks explained. “The hit to its export sector is just too considerable, making it necessary to raise the stakes in an effort to bring US tariffs down.”
For its part, Beijing remained defiant, with the commerce ministry saying Sunday that China doesn’t want a tariff war but is also not afraid of one. It also said the export controls are not a ban on rare earth shipments but are a sovereign right.
Former White House advisor Ball, who is now a senior fellow at the Foundation for American Innovation, said China’s strict rare earth controls represent an opportunity for the rest of the world to build a new supply chain that can withstand weaponization by any one country.
“Always remember that supply is elastic,” he added. “If our lives depend on it, we can surmount many challenges far faster than the policy planners in Beijing, Brussels, and Washington realize.”
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The global economy has proven surprisingly resilient, but cracks in the foundation are beginning to appear. The October 2025 update of the Brookings-FT TIGER (Tracking Indexes for the Global Economic Recovery) reveals an economic landscape that looks benign but remains unsettled, with household and business confidence weighed down by trade policy uncertainty, political upheaval in many countries, and geopolitical volatility.
Advanced economies are grappling with rising debt burdens, aging populations, and political gridlock. Emerging market economies have been helped in part by a weaker dollar that has alleviated financing pressures but are showing signs of strain. Protectionist tendencies triggered by the Trump tariffs are rippling through labor markets and dampening consumer demand around the world, compounding structural weaknesses in trade-dependent economies. Meanwhile, financial markets, which were initially spooked by America’s erratic trade policies, are forging ahead, with equity indexes across the world scaling new highs even as growth prospects weaken.
Select a country below the Composite Index to view charts for the main TIGER indexes by country and charts for the indicators that make up the indexes, which are broken down by real activity, financial, and confidence indicators for advanced economies and emerging markets.
The U.S. economic expansion is losing steam as the Trump administration’s erratic trade policies, harsh attitudes toward immigration, and cuts in social expenditures take a toll on growth and employment. Equity markets have forged ahead, bolstered by exuberance about productivity and other benefits of artificial intelligence (AI). While the probability of a recession remains low, aggregate indicators have thus far masked manufacturing sector weakness and the labor market looks less robust than it had appeared just a couple of months ago. Inflation has remained in check, but that is changing as companies reach the limits of their ability to absorb tariffs and pass on the costs to consumers. The Fed’s room for maneuver is becoming increasingly constrained by an uptick in inflation, a weakening labor market, and explicit political pressures to cut policy rates.
The core eurozone economies are floundering. Germany is facing a potential third consecutive year of economic contraction as it remains beset by loss of manufacturing competitiveness and skill shortages. A revival of industrial production has done little to reverse the decline in job numbers or boost private spending. France is on the brink of a fiscal crisis driven by excessive public spending, with political turmoil impeding meaningful reforms essential for a recovery. The economies of Southern Europe, especially Italy, Spain, and Greece, have seen their reversals of fortune continue, with improved fiscal positions as well as robust service sector expansion and wage growth.
Growth in the United Kingdom has flatlined as the beleaguered Labour government struggles to manage the high cost of living and a failing public services infrastructure, which have contributed to low levels of confidence. In Japan, rising inflation has prompted a hawkish shift on monetary policy, although the Bank of Japan has to navigate around the dangers that the decline in global demand and an uncertain tariff landscape pose to the country’s export-oriented economy. South Korea is confronting weakness in domestic household demand and its export growth could be dented if high tariffs hit its automobile and chip exports.
The Chinese economy has maintained stable aggregate growth but that expansion has become increasingly unbalanced. Weak household demand and cutthroat corporate competition have resulted in persistent deflationary pressures, even as exports to non-U.S. markets have continued to grow rapidly. The government’s “anti-involution” drive to restrain competition that is destructive to corporate profits has not been accompanied either by policy stimulus or reforms to boost consumption demand. Nevertheless, along with measures to increase retail investor participation in stock markets and the confidence boost from China’s AI boom, it has led to a sharp rally in equity prices. The housing market continues to unravel and remains a drag on private sector confidence.
India’s economy continues to post strong growth, driven by a resilient urban consumer base and high levels of manufacturing investment. Falling inflation and disciplined fiscal policy have created room for monetary easing if needed to support growth. The challenge of creating jobs for its young and expanding workforce is being intensified by an uncertain trade landscape, particularly as the U.S.-India economic relationship has turned unexpectedly rocky. This development has also dimmed India’s luster as a destination for foreign investors.
Soaring military outlays and falling energy prices have dampened Russia’s growth prospects, following several years in which the economy had successfully weathered Western sanctions. Emerging markets in Latin America continue to contend with low growth and large current account deficits. Brazil’s economy is slowing, held back by lower household consumption and falling investment. Mexico has fared better, with resilient exports and easing inflation supporting modest expansion, though weak investment and exposure to US tariff risks have tempered growth momentum.
Economic growth has been surprisingly stable in most corners of the world, despite enormous uncertainty in global trade and geopolitics, as well as various short-term and looming long-term pressures that each economy faces. As growth slows even moderately, structural issues that have been simmering under the surface will become increasingly apparent and difficult to ignore. The divergence between growth prospects and equity market performance suggests a more benign outlook, perhaps buoyed by the transformative potential of AI and the hope of less uncertainty in the trade landscape, even if tariff barriers settle at a higher level than in the pre-Trump period. Policymakers need to use this time of relative calm to push forward with reforms and disciplined policies that will improve their economies’ resilience in the face of greater volatility engendered by the breakdown of the rules-based order.
The leaders of Scotland’s five main political parties have called for STV to abandon plans to scrap its separate news service for the north.
In a highly unusual move, the SNP, Scottish Conservatives, Scottish Labour, Scottish Liberal Democrats and the Scottish Greens united to sign a letter to TV watchdog Ofcom condemning the proposal.
STV wants to stop producing a separate news service from Aberdeen for the former Grampian TV region.
Ofcom is expected to start a consultation on whether to allow this shortly.
The letter was written by Russell Borthwick, chief executive of Aberdeen and Grampian Chamber of Commerce.
It has been signed by First Minister John Swinney, Scottish Conservative leader Russell Findlay, Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar, Scottish Liberal Democrat leader Alex Cole-Hamilton and Ross Greer, co-leader of the Scottish Greens.
Mr Borthwick’s letter said: “This planned change – replacing dedicated northern coverage with a single pan-Scotland bulletin – is of grave concern to businesses, communities and elected representatives across the region.
“It risks depriving a major economic and cultural area of Scotland of the representation it requires and deserves.”
It also highlighted the north of Scotland’s “pivotal role in the nation’s success”.
The letter continued: “It is home to world-leading industries in energy, food and drink, tourism and technology, and its communities contribute enormously to Scotland’s economy and society.
“It is therefore essential that the issues, achievements and challenges of this region continue to receive proportionate airtime and coverage.
“We believe STV’s proposed reduction in regional output is inconsistent with the principles of public service broadcasting and risks materially disadvantaging audiences across the country, most acutely in the north.”
Scottish Parliament
STV chief executive Rufus Radcliffe appeared before Holyrood’s culture committee last week
The letter warned the move would “weaken the diversity and plurality of Scotland’s media landscape”.
It concluded: “We therefore urge Ofcom to use its regulatory powers to review, and ultimately block, this proposed change.”
STV announced the plan to scrap separate news programmes for the north just over two weeks ago.
Instead it would show one programme, presented from Glasgow, across both central and northern Scotland.
However news teams would still be based in Aberdeen, Dundee and Inverness.
It is part of a wider plan to try to save £2.5m across the business.
Advertising revenue and commissions to make programmes for other broadcasters is down.
The company lost £200,000 before tax in the first six months of the year although it is expected to be profitable over the year as a whole.
Its share price collapsed after a profits warning in July and the business is now worth just over £50m on the stock market.
Falling audiences
The company plans to cut around 60 jobs, including about 30 in news.
A search for volunteers for redundancy was due to end on Friday.
In a tense session at Holyrood’s culture committee last week, STV’s chief executive Rufus Radcliffe and divisional managing director Bobby Hain explained their proposals and the thinking behind them.
They noted the continuing fall in the audience for TV news programmes – a challenge across the industry – and the changing way in which the public consumes news with growing numbers looking online.
The company insists its proposals will create a TV news service that is both sustainable and affordable.
The Scottish government has no power over broadcasting which is reserved to the UK government.
It is instead up to the communications regulator Ofcom to decide whether to allow the necessary changes to STV’s broadcasting licence.
Its consultation is expected to begin soon.
STV said Ofcom had indicated that a four-week consultation may be possible but unions have called for a longer consultation process to allow a fuller examination of the issues.
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum visited the 10th edition of Expand North Star 2025, the world’s largest event for startups and investors. Organised by the Dubai World Trade Centre and hosted by the Dubai Chamber of Digital Economy, the event is taking place at Dubai Harbour from 12 to 15 October.
His Highness praised Expand North Star as a global platform that connects the world’s brightest entrepreneurial minds with investors, accelerating the growth of the startup ecosystem and the digital economy. He noted that the exhibition reflects Dubai’s vision to inspire innovation, empower talent, and create boundless opportunities for the future.
His Highness said: “Expand North Star embodies Dubai’s aspirations to build the world’s most dynamic digital economy, where ambition meets innovation, and ideas evolve into ventures that shape a better tomorrow. The exhibition reaffirms Dubai’s position as a global incubator for talent and investment, an environment that transforms creativity into tangible achievements enhancing competitiveness, sustainability, and quality of life.”
His Highness was accompanied by His Excellency Omar bin Sultan Al Olama, Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy and Remote Work Applications and Chairman of the Dubai Chamber of Digital Economy; His Excellency Mohammad Ali Rashed Lootah, President and CEO of Dubai Chambers; and Saeed Al Gergawi, Vice President of the Dubai Chamber of Digital Economy.
Exploring innovation During his visit, His Highness toured several national and corporate pavilions, met with investors and representatives of leading technology and AI firms, and interacted with leaders of unicorn startups.
He began his tour at the Saudi Telecom Company (STC) pavilion, where he was briefed on initiatives supporting the knowledge economy, next-generation communications, and digital infrastructure, enabling AI and Internet-of-Things innovations. At the Dutch pavilion, His Highness reviewed startups focused on clean and deep technologies and the research partnerships that foster sustainability and innovation. He also visited the Dubai Chamber of Digital Economy pavilion, where he was briefed on initiatives to empower entrepreneurs, enhance access to funding, and attract global talent to Dubai’s startup ecosystem.
Strengthening investor connections His Highness met with 15 investors in technology and AI-focused companies. Discussions addressed global investment trends in transformative technologies and the opportunities Dubai offers for developing innovative business models. His Highness highlighted the emirate’s initiatives to strengthen connections between venture capital funds and startups, reinforcing Dubai’s position as a global hub for innovation and investment.
Empowering unicorns Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid bin Mohammed also met with representatives of unicorn startups to discuss strategies for their international expansion out of Dubai, as well as the importance of cross-sector partnerships in accelerating the adoption of advanced technologies. Discussions covered policies that support sustainable growth, talent development, and easier access to capital and markets.
Dialogue session His Highness attended a dialogue session featuring His Excellency Omar Sultan Al Olama and Yasir Khan, Editor-in-Chief of the Thomson Reuters Foundation. The session explored ‘The Next Decade of Startup Innovation’ and the UAE’s role as a global startup centre. Discussions highlighted how companies in AI, deep technology, and digital platforms will drive the next wave of growth, as well as the role of advanced infrastructure and flexible regulatory frameworks in transforming Dubai into a launchpad for global enterprises.
Global platform for innovation Part of GITEX GLOBAL 2025, Expand North Star brings together 2,000 of the world’s most promising startups — including 40 unicorns — and more than 1,200 investors from 180 countries managing assets exceeding $ 1.1 trillion.
The four-day event features a comprehensive programme of summits and interactive zones showcasing innovation and investment opportunities in future-critical sectors. Highlights include the GITEX ScaleX Ventures Summit, the Climate Capital Summit, the GITEX Digital Assets Forum, the Future Blockchain Summit, which spotlights breakthroughs in Web3, fintech, and digital technologies, and the second edition of the Supernova Challenge 2.0, the world’s largest startup pitch competition, with a total prize pool exceeding US$300,000. .
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To most people, being $12 million in debt sounds like an absolute nightmare. But for Michael Elefante and his wife, it’s the price of financial freedom.
In a recent X post (1), Elefante told his story. He and his wife walked away from six-figure jobs, borrowed hundreds of thousands to buy their first home in Nashville, and listed it on Airbnb. The gamble paid off. The property earned enough to cover the mortgage and then some.
Six years and 11 houses later, they claim to be earning $50,000 to $100,000 a month from short-term rentals — all while carrying millions in debt from their multiple mortgages.
Their message is simple: Instead of fearing debt, use it to buy assets and let those assets pay for your life. It’s a bold strategy, but is their attractive lifestyle a model to follow or a dangerous bet that could collapse under the wrong conditions?
On the surface, the pros are clear.
Elefante and his wife leveraged debt to buy income-producing assets and create financial freedom, allowing them to focus on family, travel and experiences. For those who value time and don’t want to work the 9-to-5 grind, it’s an appealing trade-off.
But the risks should be examined. Carrying $12 million in debt means their success depends entirely on Airbnb listings. Basing your income on another platform’s whims is always risky — if tourism slows, regulations tighten or expenses rise, they’re still on the hook for all 12 mortgages.
If any of their homes were impacted by natural disasters, the income they depend on would be suddenly limited. Even something as simple as a pipe bursting could have an oversized effect on their budget.
And while the couple claims they work only a few hours a week, the reality is likely more complex. Managing multiple properties typically requires full-time attention or the services of an expensive property manager.
On top of that, Elefante has built a side business around teaching others how to follow in his footsteps. He sells books, online courses and content that walk aspiring investors through the process, which suggests that their workload may be more demanding than it appears [2].
In short, managing multiple properties can be complicated — and sometimes you need a little bit of extra support.
That’s where Baselane can help you manage your properties more efficiently. Baselane can save investors an average of $5,000 a year through automated rent payments, visibility improvements and built-in financial tools. Its AI-powered bookkeeping software could even shave up to 150 hours off of your spreadsheet labor a year, depending on the size of your portfolio.
Even better, Baselane is already trusted by 50,000 plus real estate investors.
Baselane’s Core tier includes accounting, tax packages, Schedule E reports and automated rent and late fee reminders for free. You can even sign up today and get a 30-day free trial of their Smart tier, including fast rent deposits in 2 business days and VIP priority support.
Read more: US car insurance costs have surged 50% from 2020 to 2024 — this simple 2-minute check could put hundreds back in your pocket
Most people can’t walk into a bank without a job and qualify for the $420,000 mortgage Elefante used to get started. It’s worth noting that Elefante grew up in Chapel Hill, NC, a well-off area with strong schools, attended the prestigious Elon University (3), and both he and his wife had six-figure jobs before they began their Airbnb venture (4).
That doesn’t make his success impossible to replicate, but it does make it harder for the average person to follow in their footsteps.
Airbnb can also be unpredictable (5). Cities across the U.S. are tightening short-term rental laws, and oversupply in popular markets has already reduced bookings (6) and could cut into host profits.
A recession or shift in travel patterns could quickly change the math, which is an important consideration right now when travel to the U.S. is down (7). And, offloading those homes to get out of the mortgages if needed might not be easy as interest rates rise (8).
If you’re considering an Airbnb investment strategy for yourself, it’s important to start small and keep the risks low. Consider renting out a room or ADU (accessory dwelling unit) on your current property first to test rental demand. This can also help you learn the ropes before taking on a whole mortgage.
Before jumping in, ask yourself:
Can I afford the mortgage if bookings dry up?
Do I have cash reserves for repairs, vacancies or slow seasons?
Am I comfortable being a landlord or paying someone else to do it?
What are the local laws on short-term rentals?
Are there any laws in the works that might impact short-term rentals?
The reality is, you don’t need to buy property outright to benefit from investing in real estate. For instance, direct access to the $22.5 trillion commercial real estate sector was long limited to a select group of elite investors — until now.
First National Realty Partners (FNRP) allows accredited investors to diversify their portfolio through grocery-anchored commercial properties, without taking on the responsibilities of being a landlord.
With a minimum investment of $50,000, investors can own a share of properties leased by national brands like Whole Foods, Kroger and Walmart, which provide essential goods to their communities. Thanks to triple net leases, accredited investors are able to invest in these properties without worrying about tenant costs cutting into their potential returns.
Simply answer a few questions — including how much you would like to invest — to start browsing their full list of available properties.
And if you’re looking for consistent rental income, just like the Elefantes, you don’t need to go into debt or even lock in a mortgage. You can invest in shares of vacation homes or rental properties through Arrived.
Backed by world-class investors, including Jeff Bezos, Arrived allows you to invest in shares of vacation and rental properties, earning a passive income stream without the extra work that comes with being a landlord of your own rental property.
To get started, simply browse through their selection of vetted properties, each picked for its potential appreciation and income generation. Once you choose a property, you can start investing with as little as $100, potentially earning quarterly dividends.
For most people, the safest path to this type of financial freedom is through gradual growth. Build equity in your current home, save aggressively and scale up after building a financial cushion. While Elefante’s path isn’t impossible to follow, it may not be as easy to replicate as his online content makes it seem.
Taking on millions in debt can create a lifestyle of freedom, but it can just as easily backfire. The line between financial independence and financial ruin often comes down to the financial resources that you start with, timing and risk tolerance.
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@melefante6 (1); Skool (2); Elon University (3); Michael Elefante (4); Bloomberg (5); Air Hosts Forum (6); The Associated Press (7); FRED (8)
This article provides information only and should not be construed as advice. It is provided without warranty of any kind.
Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process
During the preparation of this work, the author used Claude 3.5 Sonnet to provide editorial feedback to improve clarity and readability. After using this tool, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the published article.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant inroads into health care, demonstrating capabilities that complement and challenge traditional pharmacy practices. For instance, AI tools trained on clinical notes from electronic health records (EHRs) provided clinical predictions—including in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission—with accuracy exceeding state-of-the-art risk scores.1 AI interpretation of routine imaging (eg, chest x-rays) has the potential to provide comprehensive disease risk assessments, including risk of heart attack, stroke, and diabetes.2 Electrocardiogram interpretation by an AI tool, flagging high-risk patients and notifying physicians, was found to reduce patient mortality.3 Additionally, patient assessments of responses to their questions found that those from AI chatbots were of higher quality than those from physicians.4
Turning to pharmacy, current and future AI applications include drug safety, pharmacy operations, precision medicine, drug reference navigation, clinical surveillance, and electronic clinical quality measures.5,6 Looking forward, AI has the potential to use comprehensive patient-specific data such as EHRs, imaging, omics, and real-time monitoring data, in combination with medical domain expertise built on a foundation of medical literature to support caregivers in a variety of clinical tasks.7
As these AI-driven innovations continue to integrate into medical and pharmacy practice, critical questions emerge: What becomes of the pharmacist’s role? Where can the pharmacist fit into this new paradigm to provide value supporting safe and effective medication use? To see the path forward, it is helpful to first look backward.
Pharmacy’s Historical Adaptability
The pharmacy profession has a long history of evolving to meet health care needs. Over the decades, we have witnessed the emergence of specialized roles—drug information specialists, informatics pharmacists, and pharmacogenomics specialists—that did not exist previously but were created to address specific needs in the health care system. When a gap was identified between the health care team’s capabilities and the patient’s needs, pharmacists developed the drug information, information technology, and genomic expertise to fill those needs.
Illustrations of pharmacy’s adaptability are limited to not only the emergence of new roles but also the evolution of skills required for the role of any pharmacist. Before the emergence of electronic medical records (EMRs) and computerized physician order entry (CPOE), pharmacists were routinely tasked with interpreting handwritten prescriptions. Due to the influx of hurriedly scribbled prescriptions, pharmacists needed to accurately interpret such prescriptions to maintain efficient pharmacy operations. This skill, which was only tangentially related to medication expertise, became essential for pharmacists then. With EMRs and CPOE, this skill has all but vanished from the modern pharmacist’s arsenal. Computer skills are another example. While these had little value in pharmacy about 40 years ago, now they can dramatically impact the productivity of a pharmacist. Valuable skills for pharmacists will continue to evolve, and what present-day skills will become obsolete remains to be seen.
Adaptability has been a hallmark of the pharmacy profession, allowing pharmacists to remain integral to health care teams despite technological and systemic changes. As we stand on the brink of an AI alteration in health care, this adaptability will again be tested.
Emerging Gaps, Evolving Roles, and Preparing for an AI-Enhanced Future
As AI reshapes the health care landscape, new gaps will emerge between AI’s capabilities and patients’ needs. Given the plethora of possibilities, the challenges of regulatory approval, and the complexity of implementing new technology into health care delivery, it is nearly impossible to predict where AI will impact practice. If the dawn of AI in health care looks anything like the emergence of technology into any other industry, it will not fulfill its full potential in one fell swoop. Imperfect AI applications will emerge sporadically and improve iteratively over the years. This means that the gaps for pharmacists are likely unpredictable and unstable.
In the setting of this uncertainty, high-level skills that are broadly useful to a diverse set of scenarios will be most valuable. The following tasks are well-suited to leverage pharmacists’ clinical expertise while incorporating new technological competencies: AI education and implementation, loop oversight, human-on-the-loop oversight (quality assurance), and interdisciplinary collaboration (Table).6,8 To thrive in this evolving landscape, the pharmacy profession must proactively prepare for an AI-enhanced future through education and continuous learning, hands-on experience, and advocacy and leadership.
Conclusion
The arrival of AI in health care presents challenges and opportunities for the pharmacy profession. Although some traditional roles may be transformed, pharmacists have the potential to adapt and evolve alongside these technological advancements.
By embracing change, acquiring new skills, and positioning themselves at the forefront of AI integration in health care, pharmacists can continue to fill crucial gaps in the health care system. The future of pharmacy in the AI era is about leveraging technology to enhance capabilities and improve patient outcomes.
About the Author
Steven Smoke, PharmD, is the clinical informatics pharmacist at RWJBarnabas Health in West Orange, New Jersey.
The AI transformation in health care represents a significant shift in how we approach medication management and patient care. By actively engaging with these changes and helping to shape the integration of AI in health care, pharmacists can work toward maintaining a crucial role in the evolving health care ecosystem.
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Jiang LY, Liu XC, Nejatian NP, et al. Health system–scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines. Nature. 2023;619(7969):357-362. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06160-y
Topol EJ. AI-enabled opportunistic medical scan interpretation. Lancet. 2024;403(10439):1842. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00924-3
Lin CS, Liu WT, Tsai DJ, et al. AI-enabled electrocardiography alert intervention and all-cause mortality: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(5):1461-1470. doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02961-4
Ayers JW, Poliak A, Dredze M, et al. Comparing physician and artificial intelligence chatbot responses to patient questions posted to a public social media forum. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(6):589-596. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838
Wong A, Wentz E, Palisano N, et al. Role of artificial intelligence in pharmacy practice: a narrative review. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2023;6(11):1237-1250. doi:10.1002/jac5.1856
Smoke S. Artificial intelligence in pharmacy: a guide for clinicians. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2024;81(14):641-646. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxae051
Moor M, Banerjee O, Abad ZSH, et al. Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence. Nature. 2023;616(7956):259-265. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05881-4
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