Category: 3. Business

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Europe’s largest defence groups are set to return close to $5bn to shareholders this year as the sector rewards investors and increases investment after a surge in global military spending following the war in Ukraine. 

The bulk of the bumper returns this year at eight of Europe’s largest defence companies is in the form of higher dividends, according to analysis of the past decade by Vertical Research Partners for the Financial Times.

The research, which is focused on the largest defence players and excludes Airbus given its large commercial operations, shows that payouts are on course to reach a 10-year high.

Despite the payouts, the research also shows that European defence sector investment has risen significantly since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine nearly four years ago as companies have expanded production. 

By contrast, shareholder returns by the six largest defence companies in the US — Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Northrop Grumman, RTX Corporation, L3Harris Technologies and Huntington Ingalls — have fallen after hitting a 10-year peak in 2023.

At the same time investment — capital expenditure and self-funded research and development calculated as a percentage of sales — has dropped slightly. Boeing is excluded given its large civil aerospace operations.

The industry has drawn criticism, notably in the US, over doubts that it is investing the proceeds of the boom to boost production of new weapons and not simply spending those gains on share buybacks. 

Donald Trump has urged defence contractors to invest money in production, boosting returns to shareholders. He is due to discuss such issues with companies in Florida this week.

His comments follow those of US Treasury secretary Scott Bessent, who said in October that the country’s defence companies were “woefully behind in terms of deliveries, so we may have to, as their biggest customer . . . prod them to do a little more research, a little fewer stock buybacks”. 

Rob Stallard, analyst at Vertical Research, said the accusation that the US defence industry had underinvested or was “profiteering” was “not supported by the facts”.

“Buybacks and dividends as a percentage of market cap [of US companies] have almost halved over the past two years.”

Vertical’s research shows that the average investment of the basket of European companies analysed — measured as capex plus R&D spend as a percentage of revenues — is expected to rise to 7.9 per cent in 2025. In 2021, the year before the start of the conflict in Ukraine, this figure was 6.4 per cent.

Public debate about the issue in Europe has so far been limited but some industry experts believe that given the significant spending pledges announced by governments, they could become more involved. 

“If defence spending rises to a certain level, significantly higher than it is now, then defence becomes so important to the governments that they will become very interested in how much money you are making,” said Nick Cunningham, analyst at Agency Partners. 

At the same time, he added, the industry in Europe was “not ramping up”. 

“If you are operating in a capacity-constrained environment, coining it and buying back stock, that will not be going down very well. So you should make a big song and dance around how much you are investing,” he added.

• Twelve Aboriginal businesses to showcase expertise
  at major energy exhibition
• Energy Exchange Australia 2026 to feature
  international, Australian exhibitors, speakers, attendees
• Cook Government-supported Aboriginal Business
  Pavilion a hub for domestic, international exposure

The Cook Government will
support 12 Aboriginal businesses to co-exhibit in the Aboriginal Business
Pavilion at Energy Exchange Australia (EXA) 2026, a major conference attracting
more than 6,000 attendees from 33 countries.

EXA is a leading
exhibition and conference celebrating innovation across the energy sector, from
oil and gas through to renewables and clean energy solutions.

The Aboriginal Business
Pavilion will provide local businesses with the opportunity to showcase their
products, technologies, innovations and services to domestic and international
markets.

In 2025, it featured 257
exhibitors and 170 speakers.

Formerly known as AOG
Energy, EXA will be held from 10-12 March, 2026 at the Perth Convention and
Exhibition Centre.

To learn more, visit EXA
2026: Aboriginal Business Pavilion

Comments attributed to Energy and Decarbonisation Minister Amber-Jade
Sanderson:

“The Aboriginal Business
Pavilion will showcase the capability, innovation and professionalism of
Western Australian Aboriginal businesses to the global energy sector.

“By supporting Aboriginal
businesses to engage directly with major operators and supply chain partners,
the Cook Government is helping to create real economic opportunities and
long-term partnerships across the energy industry.”

 Comments
attributed to Aboriginal Affairs Minister Don Punch:

“The Aboriginal Business
Pavilion is an exciting opportunity to highlight the skill, innovation and
resilience of WA’s Aboriginal businesses on a national and international stage.

“By supporting
Aboriginal-owned businesses to connect with markets and industry leaders, we’re
helping to build sustainable economic opportunities for our communities.”

EXA 2026 Aboriginal Business Pavilion Co-Exhibitors

Samsung’s CES 2026 showcase is set to transform the exhibition paradigm through immersive experiences and Tech Forums that feature thought leadership panels

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. today announced that it will boldly break away from the conventional exhibition framework and present a new exhibition paradigm with The First Look at CES 2026, the world’s largest consumer electronics show, to be held in Las Vegas, Nevada on Jan. 6–9.

For The First Look, Samsung is shifting from operating a public booth within the Las Vegas Convention Center (LVCC) to establishing a standalone exhibition hall at The Wynn Las Vegas. There, Samsung will curate an experience that adopts techniques used in art galleries and museums to unveil its new products and technologies.

To this end, the company has built its exhibition space, the Samsung Exhibition Zone, on an industry-leading scale, enabling all activities – from product exhibitions and presentations, to events, technology forums and consultations with key clients and partners – to be conducted organically in a single integrated location. The Exhibition Zone reflects Samsung’s strong commitment to transforming the exhibition paradigm beyond a simple change of venue, towards an approach centered around customer experiences.

Beyond Simple Lineups: Experiencing the Essence of AI in a Well-Curated Space

At CES 2026, Samsung will present its unified AI approach for its Device eXperience (DX) Division and articulate the company’s overall business direction. It is because of this ambitious vision that the company has chosen to establish an industry-leading, large-scale premium standalone exhibition space at The Wynn. Via this approach, Samsung will have minimal limitations when showcasing its industry-leading innovations and will be able to better convey its overall AI strategy and vision, including real-life value it can bring to consumers.

The First Look event has been designed to demonstrate how Samsung’s technology transforms lives, moving beyond only showcasing new product features. To realise a fully immersive environment, the exhibition will provide minimised congestion and enhanced programming for a deeper, more meaningful visitor experience.

A Grand Showcase of Samsung AI at the Industry’s Largest Space

Through carefully curated storytelling, Samsung’s Exhibition Zone has been designed to allow visitors to intuitively engage with Samsung’s AI innovation, current key technologies and future direction. Under the theme of “Your Companion to AI Living,” the exhibition showcases how Samsung has extensively applied AI technologies not only across all its product categories, including mobile[1], home appliances and displays, but also the functions and services that connect them. Visitors will be able to experience these differentiated AI capabilities, which offer seamless, always-on connectivity anytime and anywhere. This hyper-connected ecosystem, where software and AI work together to overcome the normal limits of hardware, is something that only Samsung can deliver[2].

New Tech Forums Spotlight Recent Industry Trends and Technologies

At CES 2026, Samsung will also host a series of Tech Forum panel discussions dedicated to exploring the latest industry trends and future technologies. The panels will be held over two days on Jan. 5–6 (local time), and will consist of four sessions centered on AI, home appliances, services and design.

Each session will feature both Samsung experts and participants from partner companies, academia, media and the analyst community, who will engage in in-depth discussions on industry trends – as well as new technologies and the future of the industry.

To learn more about The First Look, visit Samsung Australia’s Newsroom https://news.samsung.com/au.

[1] Galaxy AI features are currently free of charge, with any specific plans for premium AI services to be decided in close coordination with our partners. There are currently no plans to charge for Galaxy AI features, however different terms may apply to other AI features provided by third parties, at the end of 2025.

[2] Internet connection and Samsung Account required. Data and subscription charges may apply. Apps and UI may be subject to change without notice.

(Bloomberg) — Asian stocks rose for a seventh straight day, helping extend a global equities rally, while trading in silver turned volatile after it jumped to yet another record.

MSCI Inc.’s gauge of Asia Pacific shares advanced 0.6%, with the tech sector leading gains. A seven-day winning streak would be its longest since mid-September. Mining stocks in the region climbed as a broad measure of commodities gained for a sixth session. US futures were steady after the S&P 500 finished near an all-time high on Friday.

Silver gyrated after smashing through $80 an ounce for the first time amid a historic surge powered by speculative trades and a persistent mismatch between supply and demand. Gold was lower after reaching a new peak in the previous session, while copper jumped more than 6% to hit a record on the London Metal Exchange.

Precious metals have emerged as a hot corner of financial markets in recent months, boosted by elevated central-bank purchases, inflows to exchange-traded funds and three successive rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. Lower borrowing costs are a tailwind for the commodities, which don’t pay interest, and traders are betting on more rate cuts in 2026.

“We are witnessing a generational bubble playing out in silver,” Tony Sycamore, market analyst at IG Australia, wrote in a note Sunday. “Relentless industrial demand from solar panels, EVs, AI data centers and electronics, pushing against depleting inventories, has driven physical premiums to extremes.”

Monday’s early momentum for precious metals had come after a comment by Elon Musk over the weekend that highlighted the growing investor frenzy around them. Musk replied to a tweet on Chinese export restrictions by saying on X: “This is not good. Silver is needed in many industrial processes.”

In the last week, frictions in Venezuela — where the US has blockaded oil tankers — and strikes by Washington on Islamic State in Nigeria have also added to the haven appeal of these metals. With silver inventories near their lowest on record, there’s a risk of supply shortages that could impact multiple sectors.

What Bloomberg Strategists say…

“Silver has particular drivers which mean it is understandable for it to be outperforming the general rally in metals, precious and otherwise, against the US dollar. Nevertheless it is very tough to justify the parabolic ramp-up in silver as it leaves peers behind.”

Garfield Reynolds, Markets Live Strategist. For full analysis, click here.

The MSCI All Country World Index — one of the broadest measures of the equity market — was up 0.1% in Asia after climbing 1.4% last week to an all-time high as a much-expected year-end rally took hold.

“The focus this week will be on the release of the FOMC minutes” from the Fed’s December meeting, according to Sycamore. “Markets will scour the minutes for deeper insights into the committee debates on the balance of risks and the timing of future easing.”

Chinese stocks on the mainland underperformed the Asian benchmark on Monday. Data over the weekend showed industrial profits fell for a second month in November, adding to signs that weakening domestic demand and persistent deflation are weighing on corporate earnings.

The nation on Sunday pledged to broaden its fiscal spending base in 2026, signaling sustained government support to drive growth in a challenging external environment. Separately, Chinese state media cautioned against making one-way bets on the yuan, signaling growing official discomfort about the pace of recent gains in the currency. The yuan advanced past 7 per dollar last week in offshore trading for the first time since September 2024.

Geopolitics also drew attention at the start of a new week. Defense stocks in China and Taiwan rose as the former conducted military drills in waters and airspace surrounding Taiwan starting Monday. Meanwhile, Donald Trump said he made “a lot of progress” in talks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy over a possible peace deal, but that it might take a few weeks to get it done and there’s no set timeline.

Elsewhere in markets, oil was higher on prospects for improved Chinese demand in 2026. It is still on track for a fifth monthly drop in December, which would be the longest losing streak in more than two years. Bitcoin rallied about 3% while a gauge of the dollar was steady.

The gauge equities gauge has risen nearly 22% in 2025, heading for a third straight annual gain and the biggest since 2019.

Trends in AI, the key driver of this year’s rally, as well as the path of the Fed’s interest rates are seen by investors as two of the most crucial factors that will determine how equities perform in 2026.

“Stocks can continue their party into 2026 because rate cuts are coming, global growth is robust, and the worst of the tariff threats seem to be already in the price,” said Nirgunan Tiruchelvam, an analyst at Aletheia Capital.

Stocks

S&P 500 futures were little changed as of 1:47 p.m. Tokyo time Japan’s Topix rose 0.2% Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 fell 0.3% Hong Kong’s Hang Seng rose 0.3% The Shanghai Composite rose 0.3% Euro Stoxx 50 futures rose 0.3% Currencies

The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index was little changed The euro was little changed at $1.1765 The Japanese yen rose 0.2% to 156.33 per dollar The offshore yuan was little changed at 7.0092 per dollar Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin rose 3% to $90,175.03 Ether rose 3.6% to $3,042.66 Bonds

The yield on 10-year Treasuries was little changed at 4.14% Australia’s 10-year yield advanced two basis points to 4.76% Commodities

West Texas Intermediate crude rose 1% to $57.30 a barrel Spot gold fell 0.4% to $4,515.14 an ounce This story was produced with the assistance of Bloomberg Automation.

–With assistance from Carmeli Argana, Rita Nazareth, Ruth Carson and Abhishek Vishnoi.

©2025 Bloomberg L.P.

• Significantly high institutional ownership implies Deterra Royalties’ stock price is sensitive to their trading actions

• 53% of the business is held by the top 7 shareholders

• Recent purchases by insiders

We’ve found 21 US stocks that are forecast to pay a dividend yield of over 6% next year. See the full list for free.

If you want to know who really controls Deterra Royalties Limited (ASX:DRR), then you’ll have to look at the makeup of its share registry. With 49% stake, institutions possess the maximum shares in the company. Put another way, the group faces the maximum upside potential (or downside risk).

Because institutional owners have a huge pool of resources and liquidity, their investing decisions tend to carry a great deal of weight, especially with individual investors. Hence, having a considerable amount of institutional money invested in a company is often regarded as a desirable trait.

In the chart below, we zoom in on the different ownership groups of Deterra Royalties.

View our latest analysis for Deterra Royalties

Institutional investors commonly compare their own returns to the returns of a commonly followed index. So they generally do consider buying larger companies that are included in the relevant benchmark index.

We can see that Deterra Royalties does have institutional investors; and they hold a good portion of the company’s stock. This suggests some credibility amongst professional investors. But we can’t rely on that fact alone since institutions make bad investments sometimes, just like everyone does. It is not uncommon to see a big share price drop if two large institutional investors try to sell out of a stock at the same time. So it is worth checking the past earnings trajectory of Deterra Royalties, (below). Of course, keep in mind that there are other factors to consider, too.

We note that hedge funds don’t have a meaningful investment in Deterra Royalties. Our data shows that Iluka Resources Limited is the largest shareholder with 20% of shares outstanding. In comparison, the second and third largest shareholders hold about 6.8% and 6.1% of the stock.

On further inspection, we found that more than half the company’s shares are owned by the top 7 shareholders, suggesting that the interests of the larger shareholders are balanced out to an extent by the smaller ones.

Researching institutional ownership is a good way to gauge and filter a stock’s expected performance. The same can be achieved by studying analyst sentiments. Quite a few analysts cover the stock, so you could look into forecast growth quite easily.

Story continues

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., ROTTERDAM, Netherlands and SHANGHAI, Dec. 28, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — Harbour BioMed (HKEX: 02142), a global biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery and development of novel antibody therapeutics in immunology and oncology, today announced that it has entered into a long-term strategic collaboration with Yantai Lannacheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (“Lannacheng”). The two parties will leverage their respective resources and strengths to jointly advance the development of next-generation radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs).

Compared with conventional radiotherapy, RDCs utilize tumor antigen–specific ligands to deliver radionuclides directly to tumor lesions for targeted radiotherapy, thereby effectively reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In contrast to antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), the radionuclides in RDCs can also exert cytotoxic effects on neighboring tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, even if those cells do not express the target antigen. This mechanism offers a potential advantage in overcoming tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. In addition, this technology holds the potential to achieve theranostics—integrating both diagnosis and treatment.

With its advanced technology platforms and deep expertise, Harbour BioMed has built a solid foundation in antibody discovery and development. The company’s proprietary Harbour Mice^® platform enables the generation of fully human monoclonal antibodies in both conventional (H2L2) and heavy chain-only (HCAb) formats, eliminating the need for additional engineering or humanization. The HCAb technology, in particular, produces unique, fully human heavy chain-only antibodies that are approximately half the size of conventional IgGs, offering significant advantages for next-generation antibody therapeutics. In the development of RDCs, fully human antibodies—characterized by low immunogenicity, superior tissue penetration, and high specificity and stability—can significantly enhance the efficiency of targeted delivery, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy while effectively reducing drug-related toxicity and side effects.

Founded in 2021, Lannacheng is a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to the discovery, development, and commercialization of integrated theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for oncology. The company’s R&D engine, enhanced by its proprietary pharmacokinetic optimization and dual-targeting drug development platforms, combines target validation, radioisotope selection, and linker design to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and advance the development of dual-targeting radiopharmaceutical candidates. Its strengths are further solidified through end-to-end integration of capabilities supported by its controlling shareholder, Dongcheng Biochem, including R&D resources, a stable supply of radioisotopes, and a GMP production facility currently under construction in Yantai. Together, these elements ensure a sustainable, scalable, and rapidly innovating radiopharmaceutical pipeline.

Jingsong Wang, MD, PhD, Founder, Chairman, and CEO of Harbour BioMed, commented: “We are very pleased to establish a long-term strategic collaboration with Lannacheng to jointly advance the development of next-generation RDCs. Harbour BioMed is committed to providing efficient and highly differentiated antibody solutions for innovative therapies through our globally leading Harbour Mice^® fully human antibody platform. This collaboration will deeply integrate Harbour BioMed’s expertise in antibody discovery with Lannacheng’s strengths in radiopharmaceutical R&D and commercialization, accelerating the development of more precise, effective and safe cancer therapies and bringing new hope to patients worldwide.”

Wu Xiaoming, General Manager of Lannacheng, stated: “We are delighted to establish a long-term strategic collaboration with Harbour BioMed to jointly advance the R&D and translation of next-generation radiopharmaceuticals. Lannacheng is committed to leveraging our systematic radiopharmaceutical technology platform, comprehensive industrial capabilities, and global collaboration network to provide efficient, innovative, and differentiated integrated solutions for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This collaboration will fully combine Lannacheng’s strengths in radiopharmaceutical R&D and commercialization and Harbour BioMed’s deep expertise in antibody discovery. Together, we aim to accelerate the development of more precise, effective, and safe cancer treatment therapies, bringing new hope to patients worldwide.”

About Harbour BioMed

Harbour BioMed (HKEX: 02142) is a global biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery and development of novel antibody therapeutics in immunology and oncology. The company is building a robust and differentiated pipeline through internal R&D capabilities, strategic global collaborations in co-discovery and co-development, and selective acquisitions.

Harbour BioMed’s proprietary antibody technology platform, Harbour Mice^®, generates fully human monoclonal antibodies in both the conventional two heavy and two light chain (H2L2) format and the heavy chain-only (HCAb) format. Building upon HCAb antibodies, the HCAb-based immune cell engagers (HBICE^®) bispecific antibody technology enables tumor-killing effects that traditional combination therapies cannot achieve. Additionally, the HCAb-based bispecific immune cell antagonist (HBICA™) technology empowers the development of innovative biologics for immunological and inflammatory diseases. By integrating Harbour Mice^®, HBICE^®, and HBICA™ with a single B-cell cloning platform, Harbour BioMed has built a highly efficient and distinctive antibody discovery engine for developing next-generation therapeutic antibodies. For more information, please visit www.harbourbiomed.com.

About Yantai Lannacheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Founded in 2021, Lannacheng is a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to the discovery, development, and commercialization of integrated theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for oncology. The company’s R&D engine, enhanced by its proprietary pharmacokinetic optimization and dual-targeting drug development platforms, combines target validation, radioisotope selection, and linker design to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and advance the development of dual-targeting radiopharmaceutical candidates. Its strengths are further solidified through end-to-end integration of capabilities supported by its controlling shareholder, Dongcheng Biochem, including R&D resources, a stable supply of radioisotopes, and a GMP production facility currently under construction in Yantai. Together, these elements ensure a sustainable, scalable, and rapidly innovating radiopharmaceutical pipeline.

SOURCE Harbour BioMed

China’s internet regulator issued new draft rules on Saturday that aim to regulate the use of artificial intelligence “companions,” which are defined as systems that interact with humans and display “human-like traits and behavior.”

The new rules, called “Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Interactive Services Using Artificial Intelligence,” were issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China or CAC, and will be up for public comment until January 25, 2026, Reuters reported.

According to the CAC, the rules would be applied to any application or service that uses AI to simulate human personality traits and offer what it terms “anthropomorphic interactive services.”

The proposed regulations will require makers of AI companion apps to make it clear to their users that they’re interacting with an AI system, and not a human, through regular pop-up warnings. They must also ask users to take a break after two-hours of continuous use, the rules state. In addition, they’ll be required to create systems that can assess user’s emotions and identify if they’re becoming dependent or addicted to the AI. If they identify such a case, they’ll be required to restrict their service to the user in question.

Furthermore, AI companion apps will be required to establish an emergency protocol, so that if a user expresses thoughts about suicide or self-harm, a human will take over the interaction from the AI system.

There are a number of prohibitions in the draft document, too. It bars AI companions from endangering national security, spreading rumors and inciting “illegal religious activities,” and they’re also not allowed to use obscenities or promote violence or criminal acts. In addition, chatbots must be prevented from encouraging self-harm or suicide or making false promises. Controls must also be introduced to prevent chatbots from “emotional manipulation” that convinces users to make bad decisions.

The draft Chinese law comes at a time when adoption of AI companion apps is dramatically accelerating. In October, a report by the South China Morning Post revealed there are now more than 515 million generative AI users in China, resulting in growing concern about the psychological impact they have.

The market for AI companion apps has become too large and consequential for regulators to ignore, with various studies showing how they can form emotional bonds with their users and, in some cases, cause significant harm. Earlier this year, a Frontiers in Psychology study showed that 45.8% of Chinese university students reported using AI chatbots in the last 30 days, and those that did so exhibited significantly higher levels of depression compared to non-users.

China isn’t the only country that’s stepped in to try and regulate the use of AI companions. In the U.S., California became the first state to pass similar legislation, when Governor Gavin Newsom signed Senate Bill 243 into law in October. That bill, which will take effect on January 1, requires app makers to remind minors every three hours that they’re speaking to an AI system and not a human, and urge them to take a break.

The SB 243 bill also mandates companion apps to introduce age verification and prohibits them from representing themselves as healthcare professionals or showing sexually explicit images to minors. The law stipulates that individuals can sue companies for violations and seek up to $1,000 per incident in compensation, plus legal costs.

When he signed SB 243 into law, Newsom warned of the risk of AI technology exploiting, misleading and endangering children, and China’s regulatory authority has cited similar justifications for its own law. According to the CAC, the new rules will “promote the healthy development and standardized application of artificial intelligence-based anthropomorphic interactive services, safeguard national security and public interests, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations.”

Image: SiliconANGLE/Dreamina

The debate surrounding Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney’s recent positioning on fossil fuels (“Carney’s fossil fuels pivot undoes climate legacy”, Report, December 15) reveals a recurring flaw in how climate leadership is assessed.

From the standpoint of industrial systems, including fashion and textiles, climate transition failures rarely stem from insufficient ambition. They arise from misaligned sequencing. Energy policy, material innovation, labour systems and capital flows move at different speeds, yet are often treated as if they can be transformed simultaneously.

In fashion, one of the most energy- and resource-intensive global industries, this misalignment is already visible. Brands are urged to decarbonise faster than clean energy access expands. Recycling mandates advance ahead of viable infrastructure. Capital is redirected without ensuring that low-carbon materials and skilled labour are available at scale. When this happens, companies do not transform. They substitute, offshore or relabel.

This is not an argument for preserving fossil fuel dependence, nor a defence of delay. It is an argument for realism. Abrupt withdrawal of incumbent systems without credible alternatives in place does not accelerate decarbonisation. It displaces emissions, weakens regulatory trust and fuels public scepticism.

Climate leadership should therefore be judged less by symbolic positioning and more by whether policies are designed to carry industries through transition without fracture. Finance plays a central role here, not only through divestment, but through disciplined sequencing. Capital must build the bridge before burning it.

If sustainability is to retain economic and political credibility, it must be governed as a design problem, not a moral contest. Markets respond to coherence. They punish confusion swiftly.

Nirbhay Rana
Professor of Design & Sustainable Systems, IILM University, Gurugram, India; and Programme Coordinator, Fashion, Regional Editor (Asia), Bloomsbury Fashion Business Cases, Bloomsbury Publishing