Category: 3. Business

The Federal Aviation Administration is cutting air traffic by 10 percent due to a shortage of air traffic controllers.

Hundreds of flights across the US have been cancelled following an order from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to temporarily cut air traffic by 10 percent at the country’s 40 largest airports to maintain safety amid a shortage of air traffic controllers due to the government shutdown.

More than 790 flights scheduled for Friday were cut from airline schedules, according to FlightAware, a website that tracks flight disruptions.

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That number, already four times higher than Thursday’s daily total of cancellations, was likely to keep climbing, while almost 500 have been cancelled for Saturday so far, according to the website.

The FAA issued its order on Thursday in response to the growing number of absences by air traffic controllers amid the record-breaking US government shutdown, as Republicans and Democrats remain locked in a standoff in Congress over legislation to fund government services.

“Since the beginning of the shutdown, controllers have been working without pay,” the FAA order said.

“This has resulted in increased reports of strain on the system from both pilots and air traffic controllers. This past weekend, there were 2,740 delays at various airports,” it said.

US Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said the decision to cancel flights was a proactive safety decision rather than a political measure as the shutdown enters its 38th day on Friday.

“My department has many responsibilities, but our number one job is safety. This isn’t about politics – it’s about assessing the data and alleviating building risk in the system as controllers continue to work without pay,” Duffy said.

“It’s safe to fly today, and it will continue to be safe to fly next week because of the proactive actions we are taking,” he said.

.@USDOT has many responsibilities, but our number one job is safety.

This isn’t about politics – it’s about assessing the data and alleviating building risk in the system as controllers continue working without pay.

It’s safe to fly today, tomorrow, and the day after because… pic.twitter.com/YRrq5sdy4T

— Secretary Sean Duffy (@SecDuffy) November 7, 2025

 

The FAA’s phased-in cuts to air traffic over the next week will see a 4 percent reduction in air traffic on Friday, and will end with 10 percent by November 14.

The FAA’s order also specifies that airlines do not need to cut international flights, although this decision will be left up to their discretion.

Impacted airports include Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Chicago O’Hare, and New York’s John F Kennedy international airports.

FAA Administrator Bryan Bedford said his department would not hesitate to take “further action”, suggesting further cuts to flights could be made down the road.

The FAA decision puts renewed pressure on Senate Democrats, who are blocking a government spending bill over healthcare spending, as the US is preparing for its busiest travel days of the year at the end of November.

The FAA employed just over 14,000 air traffic controllers in fiscal year 2024, according to its website.

They are among the 730,000 “essential” federal employees who have been working without pay for the past five weeks, while another 670,000 have been furloughed, according to the Washington, DC-based Bipartisan Policy Center.

Introduction
The rise of seaweed superfoods
Nutrient and bioactive profile
How seaweed compounds combat inflammation and aging
How seaweed waste fuels the circular economy
Safety and risks
References
Further reading

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Seaweeds are no longer just salad; they’re the blueprint for a sustainable, brain-boosting future powered by marine innovation.

Image Credit: Lesterman / Shutterstock.com

Introduction

Seaweed is increasingly recognized as a sustainable and functional food source that supports human health, including cognitive function and cardiovascular balance, through the gut-brain axis.^4,5 This article examines its neuroprotective potential and addresses current safety challenges related to heavy metal and iodine accumulation.^2,11

The rise of seaweed superfoods

Seaweed is an umbrella term for thousands of macroscopic marine algae species, including Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, and Chlorophyta. Historically, it has been a dietary staple in many Asian countries, commonly consumed in soups, salads, and pickles.^1,2

Seaweed cultivation offers a uniquely sustainable food source, requiring no arable land, fresh water, or synthetic fertilizers, while also providing ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and nitrogen removal.³ According to recent EU sustainability reports, the seaweed sector is expected to reach a market value of EUR 9 billion by 2030, highlighting its role in global food transition efforts.¹¹

Seaweed’s dense nutritional and bioactive profile underpins its reputation as a superfood. Phlorotannins, fucoidan, and other polyphenols exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, which are linked to reduced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.^4,6

Nutrient and bioactive profile

Nutriomics research reveals that consumable seaweeds have biochemical compositions distinct from terrestrial plants.^1-3 Protein content varies widely, from 5–24% of dry weight in brown algae to as high as 47% in red species. These proteins are rich in essential amino acids and show higher digestibility when enzymatically processed or fermented using marine fungi such as Paradendryphiella salina.¹

Dietary fiber accounts for up to 75% of seaweed’s dry mass, dominated by soluble polysaccharides like fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, which act as prebiotics that modulate gut microbiota. Studies confirm that these fibers stimulate beneficial bacterial genera and increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which in turn influences brain and immune health.⁵

Although the total lipid content is low (1–5% dry weight), seaweeds are a unique plant source of omega-3 long-chain fatty acids, notably EPA and DHA, which support cognitive function and promote anti-inflammatory balance.^4,5

Seaweed also provides calcium, potassium, and iron, alongside vitamins A, C, E, and B12.⁵ Recent compositional analyses highlight seaweed as one of the few vegetarian sources of bioavailable vitamin B12 and vitamin K.¹¹

Compounds such as fucoxanthin and phlorotannins contribute to antioxidant and anti-aging properties relevant to the prevention of neurodegeneration.^4,5,6

How seaweed compounds combat inflammation and aging

Phlorotannins and fucoidan are potent antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and suppress inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. These compounds also inhibit amyloid-beta aggregation and tau phosphorylation, key pathological steps in Alzheimer’s disease.^4,5,6

Prebiotic polysaccharides from seaweed ferment in the colon to yield SCFAs like butyrate, which improve gut barrier integrity and reduce systemic inflammation.⁵

A 2025 meta-analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials found that consuming edible algae lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 2.05 and 1.87 mmHg, respectively. Doses above 3 g/day produced reductions exceeding 3 mmHg, underscoring a dose-response relationship.⁷

Additional meta-analyses confirm that brown algae reduce LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol,⁸ and improve glucose homeostasis by lowering fasting plasma glucose by 4.6 mg/dL and postprandial glucose by 7.1 mg/dL.⁹

Collectively, these findings position seaweed as a multifunctional food capable of modulating metabolic, vascular, and neural pathways that contribute to healthy aging.^4,7-9

How seaweed waste fuels the circular economy

Adopting a circular economic model transforms seaweed byproducts into valuable resources. Research demonstrates that industrial residues and beach-cast seaweed can be repurposed for use in renewable energy and as fertilizers.¹⁰

Some seaweed as a renewable and sustainable resource. (A) Kelp (Saccharina) Phaeophyceae; (B) dulse (Palmaria palmata) Rhodophyta; (C) nori (Porphyra/Pyropia) Rhodophyta; (D) wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) Phaeophyceae.³

Composting seaweed biomass yields premium biofertilizers that enhance soil quality and water retention, with market values two to three times higher than conventional compost.¹⁰

In Denmark, integrating 90% of coastal seaweed waste into energy and fertilizer production resulted in a 32,800-ton reduction in annual CO₂ emissions.¹⁰

Emerging green-extraction technologies now recover bioactives, such as alginates and phlorotannins, from seaweed waste at costs under $0.70/kg, creating nutraceutical and cosmetic ingredients from material that was once discarded.^3,10

Safety and risks

Seaweeds efficiently sequester both nutrients and contaminants. This dual capacity means they can accumulate heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, posing potential health risks if unregulated.^1,2

A Malaysian risk assessment reported a hazard index (HI) of 4.38 for metal exposure, exceeding WHO limits.² However, separate iodine risk analyses indicate that toxicity concerns depend strongly on species and intake levels.¹¹

A 2025 Korean nationwide study found average iodine levels of 2,432 mg/kg dry weight in sea tangle (Saccharina japonica), compared to less than 200 mg/kg in most red and green algae. Iodine-related hazard indices remained below 1.0 under Korean MFDS guidelines but exceeded 1.0 under EFSA and JECFA standards, particularly for sea tangle and hijiki.¹¹

Cooking significantly reduces iodine exposure – boiling or blanching can remove up to 90%, and the bioavailability of iodine from seaweed is approximately 75% compared to iodide supplements.¹¹

In some species, a one-gram serving may deliver over 4,000 µg of iodine, about seven times the EFSA upper intake level of 600 µg/day.¹¹

International regulations vary widely: Germany limits iodine to 20 mg/kg, France to 2,000–6,000 mg/kg (depending on the species), and Australia restricts imports above 1,000 mg/kg.¹¹ Harmonized global labeling and intake guidance are increasingly necessary as seaweed consumption expands.^2,11

Overall, evidence from recent meta-analyses and risk assessments supports the safety of seaweed consumption when moderate and sourcing is monitored for heavy metals and iodine.^2,11

References

1. Salgado, C. L., Muñoz, R., Blanco, A., & Lienqueo, M. E. (2021). Valorization and upgrading of the nutritional value of seaweed and seaweed waste using the marine fungi Paradendryphiella salina to produce mycoprotein. Algal Research 53. DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102135, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211926420310031.
2. Elekwachi, L. O., Hirschkop, D., & Tlusty, M. F. (2023). REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE SEAWEED INDUSTRY AND FOOD SAFETY ISSUES. University of Massachusetts Boston. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.27576.32004, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376683232_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE_ON_THE_SEAWEED_INDUSTRY_AND_FOOD_SAFETY_ISSUES.
3. Pereira, L., & Cotas, J. (2024). Seaweed: a sustainable solution for greening drug manufacturing in the pursuit of sustainable healthcare. Exploration of Drug Science 2(1); 50–84. DOI:10.37349/eds.2024.00036, https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eds/Article/100836.
4. Cokdinleyen, M., dos Santos, L. C., de Andrade, C. J., et al. (2024). A Narrative Review on the Neuroprotective Potential of Brown Macroalgae in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients 16(24); 4394. DOI:10.3390/nu16244394, https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/24/4394.
5. Hagan, M., & Fungwe, T. (2025). Investigating the Effect of Seaweed Bioactive Compounds on Gut Microbiota Composition and Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review. Current Developments in Nutrition 9. DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.106433, https://ffhdj.com/index.php/AgricultureFBC/article/view/1596.
6. Cadar, E., Popescu, A., Dragan, A., et al. (2025). Bioactive Compounds of Marine Algae and Their Potential Health and Nutraceutical Applications: A Review. Marine Drugs 23(4), 152. DOI:10.3390/md23040152, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/152.
7. Casas‐Agustench, P., Mínguez, S., Brookes, Z., & Bescos, R. (2025). Edible Algae Reduce Blood Pressure in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 38(4). DOI:10.1111/jhn.70095, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jhn.70095.
8. Shin, D., Shim, S. R., Wu, Y., et al. (2023). How Do Brown Seaweeds Work on Biomarkers of Dyslipidemia? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Marine Drugs 21(4); 220. DOI:10.3390/md21040220, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/21/4/220.
9. Vaughan, K., Ranawana, V., Cooper, D., & Aceves-Martins, M. (2021). Effect of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and type 2 diabetic individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews 80(5); 1194-1205. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuab069, https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/80/5/1194/6359344.
10. Eriksen, M. L., Salvador, R., Kjærsgaard, N. C., et al. (2025). Circular business models for composting waste seaweed: Potential, barriers, and enablers. European Journal of Sustainable Development 14(4); 39-50. DOI:10.14207/ejsd.2025.v14n4p39, https://ecsdev.org/ojs/index.php/ejsd/article/view/1777.
11. Lee, Y., Park, H. J., Jo, M., et al. (2025). Analysis and Risk Assessment of Total Iodine Content in Edible Seaweeds in South Korea. Foods 14(16); 2865. DOI:10.3390/foods14162865, https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/16/2865.

Further Reading

Last Updated: Nov 6, 2025

As the record-breaking federal government shutdown stretches toward day 38, US airspace is about to get a little less busy. The same cannot be said for US airports.

Donald Trump’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has said flights are being reduced to maintain air traffic control safety during the federal government shutdown, now the longest recorded and with no sign of a resolution between Republicans and Democrats to end the federal budget standoff.

Airline regulators identified “high-volume markets” where the FAA says air traffic must be reduced by 4% by 6am ET on Friday, a move that would force airlines to cancel thousands of flights and create a cascade of scheduling issues and delays at some of the nation’s largest airports.

Trump’s transportation chief, Sean Duffy, wrote on X Thursday that the decision was “not about politics” but rather “about assessing the data and alleviating building risk in the system as controllers continue working without pay”.

“It’s safe to fly today, tomorrow, and the day after because of the proactive actions we are taking,” Duffy added.

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US airlines cancel flights after federal directive to cut air traffic

Experts predict hundreds if not thousands of flights could be canceled. The cuts could represent as many as 1,800 flights and upwards of 268,000 seats combined, according to an estimate by the aviation analytics firm Cirium.

The affected airports covering more than two dozen states include the busiest ones across the US – including Atlanta, Charlotte, Denver, Dallas/Fort Worth, Orlando, Los Angeles, Miami and San Francisco. In some of the biggest cities – such as New York, Houston and Chicago – multiple airports will be be affected.

All three airports serving the Washington DC area – Washington Dulles international, Baltimore/Washington international and Ronald Reagan Washington national – will be affected, inevitably causing delays and cancellations for lawmakers as well as other travelers.

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US supreme court allows Trump to block passport sex markers for trans and non-binary people

The supreme court on Thursday allowed Donald Trump’s administration to enforce a policy blocking transgender and non-binary people from choosing passport sex markers that align with their gender identity.

The decision by the high court’s conservative majority is Trump’s latest win on the high court’s emergency docket, and it means his administration can enforce the policy while a lawsuit over it plays out.

The court’s three liberal justices dissented, with Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson calling the decision a “pointless but painful perversion”.

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US judge orders Trump administration to fully fund Snap benefits in November

The ruling by US district judge John J McConnell Jr on Thursday was in response to a challenge from cities and non-profits complaining that the administration was only offering to cover 65% of the maximum benefit. The government said it will rely on $4.65bn on emergency funding.

“The defendants failed to consider the practical consequences associated with this decision to only partially fund Snap,” McConnell said. “They knew that there would be a long delay in paying partial Snap payments and failed to consider the harms individual who rely on those benefits would suffer.”

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Workers decry Trump officials as ‘out of control’ as longest shutdown drags on

As the US federal shutdown enters its second month, government workers are accusing the Trump administration of being “out of control” and bullying people who are “simply trying to do their best”.

About 700,000 federal employees are furloughed without pay, and about 700,000 additional federal workers have been working without pay through the shutdown.

Affected workers say the shutdown has been a continuation of attacks they have experienced under the Trump administration, from mass firings – many of which have been overturned or blocked in federal courts – to drastic budget cuts, pushes to take early retirements or resignation buyouts and threats of withholding back pay for workers furloughed during the shutdown.

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Nancy Pelosi, a force on Capitol Hill for decades, to retire from Congress

The California Democratic representative and the first woman to serve as speaker, announced on Thursday she will retire from Congress, two years after stepping down from House leadership.

Even when no longer in leadership, the 85-year-old remained enormously influential among Democrats, quietly counseling her party as they navigate Trump’s second term. In 2024, she played a key role in pushing Biden to withdraw from the presidential race after a disastrous debate performance against Trump.

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Trump announces plan to cut cost of weight loss drugs and expand access

The agreement will make oral versions of GLP-1s, which aren’t yet to market but are expected to be approved in the coming months, available at $150 per month for starting doses. The average price for these injectables will be about $350, which will “trend down” to $245 a month over the next two years, the Trump administration said.

Trump calls the medications the “fat drug”, his term for these semaglutide or tirzepatide shots, known by their brand names: Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro and Zepbound.

_{Read the full story}

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Senate blocks Democrats’ bid to check Trump power over Venezuela strikes

The 49-51 vote against passing the resolution, mostly along party lines, came a month after a previous effort to stop strikes against alleged drug trafficking boats in international waters similarly failed, 48-51.

The new resolution narrowed its scope to attract Republicans, but senators Rand Paul and Lisa Murkowski remained the only two Republicans to cross party lines to support the resolution. Susan Collins and Thom Tillis, who had expressed reservations about the strikes, voted against.

_{Read the full story}

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What else happened today:

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Catching up? Here’s what happened on 5 November 2025.

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton says he has sued Roblox over “flagrantly ignoring” safety laws and “deceiving parents” about the dangers the online video gaming platform poses to young people.

In a social media post he said Roblox is a “breeding ground for predators”, accusing Roblox of putting “pixel paedophiles and corporate profit” over the safety of Texas children.

The lawsuit adds to the legal challenges related to online safety and internet predators faced by the gaming giant, which has tens of millions of daily active users.

Roblox told the BBC it is “disappointed” that it is being sued based on “misrepresentations and sensationalised claims”.

The company’s spokesperson said in a statement that it shares Paxton’s commitment to keeping children safe online and that it has introduced measures to remove bad actors and protect its users.

Roblox, which is especially popular with children, operates a massive online platform where users can play solo or with friends.

Users can also go in to servers and interact with strangers online – a feature that has been criticised for potentially exposing young players to dangerous individuals.

Parents and children have raised concerns about Roblox, saying that they have seen distressing content or suffered abuse on the platform.

Paxton called on the company to do more to protect children from “sick and twisted freaks hiding behind a screen”.

“Any corporation that enables child abuse will face the full and unrelenting force of the law,” he said in a statement on X.

Texas joins the US states of Kentucky and Louisiana which have also sued Roblox over potential harms to children.

Dave Baszucki, Roblox’s chief executive, previously told the BBC that parents who are uncomfortable with their children playing games on the platform should not let them use it.

“That sounds a little counter-intuitive, but I would always trust parents to make their own decisions,” Mr Baszucki said.

Roblox has introduced features in recent years to tighten age verification and safety for young players.

The platform said it is rolling out technology to estimate a player’s age using video selfies and other measures before they are allowed to communicate on Roblox.

Last year, Roblox also announced it will block under-13s from messaging others on the platform unless a parent or guardian grants permission.

Roblox has been banned in some countries, including Turkey over concerns about child exploitation.

The platform came under scrutiny in Singapore in 2023 after the government said that a self-radicalised teenager had been groomed online by people on the game’s servers.

Qantas has released the “first images” of its specially configured plane that will fly Australians non-stop from Sydney to London and New York from 2027.

The A350-1000ULR is on the Airbus assembly line in Toulouse, France, with its fuselage sections, wings and landing gear now attached, the airline said on Friday.

The aircraft would soon be transferred to a new hangar where its engines and instruments would be installed for test flights in 2026, Qantas said.

The carrier has ordered a dozen of the planes for “project sunrise” – its plan to connect Australia’s east coast with London and New York via non-stop flights.

The 22-hour flights will cut up to four hours off the total travel time compared to the current one-stop services.

The airline released the imagery on Friday to coincide with its annual general meeting in Brisbane. Images of the cabin have been released previously.

“This is an aircraft that will change what’s possible when it comes to international point-to-point air travel,” Qantas’s chief executive, Vanessa Hudson, said in an advance copy of her speech to shareholders.

“Our teams are incredibly excited for the arrival of the first aircraft late next year, a landmark moment for international aviation.”

Qantas has been flying direct from Perth, on Australia’s west coast, to London using Boeing Dreamliners since 2018.

Qantas said on Friday it expected its domestic revenue to grow by about 3% in the first half, which is at the lower end of the guidance range it provided in August.

While demand for leisure travel remained strong, businesses outside the resource sector were flying less than it had expected, the company said.

Its forecast for international revenue remained unchanged at 2-3% growth, while its Qantas loyalty program growth remained strong and on track.

Qantas said on Friday it would introduce a new cabin product on domestic and short-haul flights that would offer passengers extra leg-room, priority boarding and priority access to overhead baggage space.

Qantas Economy Plus would be available for purchase beginning in February, with high-level frequent flyers receiving complimentary access.

In this first-person narrative, Nick Cheung, undergraduate researcher, tells Nevada Today about his experience in various research labs studying the microscopic world of neurons and molecules.

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The first time I stepped into Associate Professor Jenny Ouyang’s lab during my freshman year, I found myself staring at a cage of zebra finches under a glow of artificial light, thinking, ‘Okay… how much trouble can a tiny bird get into?’ Little did I know, these tiny birds would teach me more about biology and research than I ever expected. That day, I learned that curiosity can bridge the gap to experience. Sometimes the smallest creatures reveal the biggest lessons, and this was my introduction to research through the Pack Research Experience Program (PREP).

During my freshman year, a friend told me about PREP, a program designed for students with little or no research experience. Even though I doubted I’d be accepted, I decided to apply. Turns out, the application was less time-consuming than I thought. It was more like a side quest, as I didn’t have to write long essays but instead just a few paragraphs here and there. Over winter break, I opened my email and saw the word “accepted.” I was thrilled and nervous. I would be working with Dr. Ouyang, studying circadian rhythms in zebra finches. I had no prior experience, but Dr. Ouyang and her lab were incredibly kind and supportive, guiding me through experimental design, data collection and analyzing how artificial light affects gene expression. PREP not only taught me hands-on research skills but also gave me confidence, a sense of curiosity and a reminder that mentorship can make all the difference.

After getting a taste of research, I was drawn to pursue more advanced research, which led me to my current work in Associate Professor Jung Hwan Kim’s lab through the Nevada Undergraduate Research Award (NURA) program. Here, I study neurons in Drosophila, commonly known as fruit flies, focusing on Bruchpilot (BRP), a protein critical for synaptic function between the neurons that make up the brain of the creature. I’m investigating how different neurodegenerative disease models affect BRP expression and neuron length. So far, I’ve seen patterns like altered neuron length across diseases, with Huntington’s disease models showing a change in BRP expression. A major part of my project involves testing other protein’s influences on BRP localization in these disease models. This requires careful staining, imaging and quantification of expression in motor neuron cell bodies.

The work can be challenging and sometimes frustrating when nothing seems to work, but every experiment teaches me more about neurons, neurodegeneration and the research process itself. I’ve also been fortunate to have Ph.D. students in Dr. Kim’s lab guiding me. They’ve been incredibly patient and generous with their time, teaching me techniques, troubleshooting experiments and sharing tips that make the lab a place to really learn and grow.

Looking back, PREP was the push I needed to step into research, and NURA has helped me to build on that foundation. Both programs have taught me that progress isn’t always linear, mistakes are part of learning, the right mentors make all the difference and as long as you’re truly curious, you can make up for your lack of experience. If you’re considering research, I highly encourage other undergraduate students to apply for PREP or NURA; you never know where it might take you. I know for me, it started with tiny birds and a few nervous looks, and now I’m exploring neurons in fruit flies, one synapse at a time.

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Nick Cheung, undergraduate researcher, three-time Undergraduate Research awardee and biotechnology major at the University of Nevada, Reno.

About the author

Nick Cheung is an undergraduate biotechnology student at the University of Nevada, Reno, set to graduate in fall 2026. He has spent countless hours exploring the microscopic world of neurons and molecules, and plans to attend graduate school to keep asking big questions.  

The fall 2025 Wolf Pack Discoveries symposium is scheduled for Thursday, Dec. 4, in the Joe Crowley Student Union Milt Glick Ballrooms. Student registration closes Nov. 23.