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  • Republic of Colombia Announces the Expiration of the Tender Offer for its Non-U.S. Dollar Bonds and Final Results of Tender Offer

    BOGOTÁ, Colombia, Nov. 22, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — The Republic of Colombia’s (“Colombia“) previously announced tender offer (the “Tender Offer“) to purchase its outstanding global bonds listed in the table below (“Old Bonds“), on the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Offer to Purchase, dated November 14, 2025 (the “Offer to Purchase“), expired as scheduled (i) for the U.S. Dollar Bonds at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Wednesday, November 19, 2025 (the “U.S. Dollar Bonds Tender Period Expiration Time“) and (ii) for the Non-U.S. Dollar Bonds at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Friday, November 21, 2025 (the “Non-U.S. Dollar Bonds Tender Period Expiration Time” and, together with the Non-U.S. Dollar Bonds Tender Period Expiration Time, the “Expiration Time“).

    The aggregate purchase price to be paid for the Old Bonds to be acquired in the Tender Offer (the “Maximum Purchase Amount“) is U.S.$4,004,530,326.16 in the aggregate and as set out below for each of the accepted Old Bonds, excluding accrued interest. As such, Colombia has decided to accept validly tendered Old Bonds in the amounts shown in the table below. The table below also provides the aggregate principal amount of Old Bonds tendered at or before the applicable Expiration Time. Appropriate adjustments will be made so that purchases are made in the minimum denominations set forth in the Offer to Purchase.

    Old Bonds

    Old Bonds

    Security Identifier

    Maximum Purchase

    Amount

    Aggregate Principal

    Amount of Old Bonds

    Tendered at the

    Applicable Expiration Time

    Aggregate Principal

    Amount of Old Bonds

    Accepted

    3.875% Global Bonds due 2026
    (the “EUR 2026 Global Bonds“)

    ISIN: XS1385239006

    Common Code:

    138523900

    U.S.$319,719,576.20

    €275,552,000

    €275,552,000

    9.850% Global TES Bonds due
    2027(1) (the “COP 2027 Global
    Bonds    “, and together with the
    EUR 2026 Global Bonds, the
    “Non-U.S. Dollar Bonds“)

    ISIN: XS0306322065

    Common Code:

    030632206

    U.S.$430,413,562.46

    Ps.1,599,731,000,000

    Ps.1,599,731,000,000

    3.875% Global Bonds due 2027

    CUSIP: 195325DL6

    ISIN: US195325DL65

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$342,668,000

    U.S.$0

    4.500% Global Bonds due 2029

    CUSIP: 195325DP7

    ISIN: US195325DP79

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$656,155,000

    U.S.$0

    3.000% Global Bonds due 2030

    CUSIP: 195325DR3

    ISIN: US195325DR36

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$635,568,000

    U.S.$0

    7.375% Global Bonds due 2030

    CUSIP: 195325 ER2

    ISIN: US195325ER27

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$1,193,626,000

    U.S.$0

    10.375% Global Bonds due 2033

    CUSIP: 195325BB0

    ISIN: US195325BB02

    U.S.$201,047,840.00

    U.S.$157,376,000

    U.S.$157,376,000

    8.000% Global Bonds due 2033

    CUSIP: 195325EF8

    ISIN: US195325EF88

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$804,328,000

    U.S.$0

    7.500% Global Bonds due 2034

    CUSIP: 195325EG6

    ISIN: US195325EG61

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$1,193,528,000

    U.S.$0

    8.500% Global Bonds due 2035

    CUSIP: 195325ES0

    ISIN: US195325ES00

    U.S.$1,541,757,160.00

    U.S.$1,329,101,000

    U.S.$1,329,101,000

    8.000% Global Bonds due 2035

    CUSIP: 195325EL5

    ISIN: US195325EL56

    U.S.$253,951,875.00

    U.S.$954,847,000

    U.S.$227,250,000

    7.750% Global Bonds due 2036

    CUSIP: 195325EP6

    ISIN: US195325EP60

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$1,098,921,000

    U.S.$0

    7.375% Global Bonds due 2037

    CUSIP: 195325BK0

    ISIN: US195325BK01

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$484,810,000

    U.S.$0

    6.125% Global Bonds due 2041

    CUSIP:195325BM6

    ISIN: US195325BM66

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$427,136,000

    U.S.$0

    5.000% Global Bonds due 2045

    CUSIP: 195325CU7

    ISIN: US195325CU73

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$622,372,000

    U.S.$0

    8.750% Global Bonds due 2053

    CUSIP: 195325EM3

    ISIN: US195325EM30

    U.S.$1,257,640,312.50

    U.S.$1,054,625,000

    U.S.$1,054,625,000

    8.375% Global Bonds due 2054
    (together with the other U.S.
    dollar denominated bonds listed
    above, the “U.S. Dollar Bonds“)

    CUSIP: 195325EQ4

    ISIN: US195325EQ44

    U.S.$0

    U.S.$1,085,538,000

    U.S.$0

    (1) In the case of the COP 2027 Global Bonds, the Purchase Price and related accrued interest is to be paid in U.S. dollars, in an amount determined by converting the Purchase Price and related accrued interest to U.S. dollars at a currency exchange rate equal to COP 3,716.73 per U.S. Dollar.

    The settlement of the Tender Offer is scheduled to occur on Wednesday, November 26, 2025 (the “Tender Offer Settlement Date“), subject to the conditions in the Offer to Purchase, including the Financing Condition (as defined in the Offer to Purchase) and subject to change without notice. Completion of the Tender Offer remains subject to the conditions contained in the Offer to Purchase and Colombia’s sole discretion. 

    As provided in the Offer to Purchase, in determining the amount of Old Bonds to be purchased against the Maximum Purchase Amount and available for purchases pursuant to the Offer, the aggregate U.S. dollar-equivalent purchase price of (i) the EUR 2026 Global Bonds was calculated at the exchange rate for the Euro to U.S. Dollar equal to U.S.$ 1.1537 per Euro, and (ii) the COP 2027 Global Bonds, was calculated at the exchange rate equal to COP 3,716.73 per U.S. Dollar.

    The Offer to Purchase may be downloaded from the Information Agent’s website at www.gbsc-usa.com/colombia or obtained from the Information Agent, Global Bondholder Services Corporation, at  +1 (855) 654-2014 or from any of the Dealer Managers.

    The Dealer Managers for the Tender Offer are:

    Dealer Managers

    Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

    Attention: Liability Management

    200 West Street

    New York, New York 10282

    United States of America

    Toll Free: +1 (800) 828-3182

    Collect: +1 (212) 357-1452

    J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

    Attention: Latin American Debt Capital Markets

    270 Park Avenue

    New York, New York 10017

    United States of America

    Toll-Free: +1 (866) 846-2874

    Collect: +1 (212) 834-7279

    Santander U.S. Capital Markets LLC

    Attention: Liability Management

    437 Madison Avenue

    New York, New York 10022

    United States of America

    U.S. Toll Free: +1 (855) 404-3636

    U.S. Collect: +1 (212) 350-0660

    Email (U.S.): [email protected] 

    Email (Europe) (Banco Santander, S.A.): [email protected] 




    Questions regarding the Tender Offer may be directed to the Dealer Managers at the above contact.

    Contact information for the Tender Agent and Information Agent:
    Global Bondholder Services Corporation
    65 Broadway, Suite 404
    New York, New York 10006
    Attn: Corporate Actions Banks and Brokers call: +1 (212) 430-3774
    Toll free: +1 (855) 654-2014
    Email: [email protected]
    Website: https://www.gbsc-usa.com/colombia/ 

    Important Notice

    The distribution of materials relating to the Tender Offer and the transactions contemplated by the Tender Offer may be restricted by law in certain jurisdictions. The Tender Offer is void in all jurisdictions where it is prohibited. If materials relating to the Tender Offer come into a holder’s possession, the holder is required by Colombia to inform itself of and to observe all of these restrictions. The materials relating to the Tender Offer, including this communication, do not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer or solicitation in any place where offers or solicitations are not permitted by law. If a jurisdiction requires that the Tender Offer be made by a licensed broker or dealer and a Dealer Manager or any affiliate of a Dealer Manager is a licensed broker or dealer in that jurisdiction, the Tender Offer, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be made by the Dealer Manager or such affiliate on behalf of Colombia in that jurisdiction. Owners who may lawfully participate in the Tender Offer in accordance with the terms thereof are referred to as “holders.”

    This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities nor will there be any sale of Old Bonds or any offer made pursuant to the Tender Offer in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction. The offering of any securities will be made only by means of a prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and an offer to purchase in Canada, under applicable exemptions from any prospectus or registration requirements.

    The Tender Offer is made in Canada only to a person deemed to be a principal that is an accredited investor, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and is a permitted client, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations, and who is not an individual. 

    The Offer to Purchase, and any other documents or materials related to such offers have not been and will not be registered with the Italian Securities Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa, the “CONSOB“) pursuant to applicable Italian laws and regulations. The Tender Offer is being carried out pursuant to the exemptions provided for, with respect to the Tender Offer, in Article 101 bis, paragraph 3 bis of Legislative Decree No. 58 of 24 February 1998, as amended (the “Consolidated Financial Act“) and Article 35 bis, paragraph 4, of CONSOB Regulation No. 11971 of 14 May 1999, as amended.

    Holders or beneficial owners of the Old Bonds that are resident and/or located in Italy can tender the Old Bonds for purchase through authorized persons (such as investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1129, the Consolidated Financial Act, the CONSOB Regulation No. 20307 of 15 February 2018, as amended, and Legislative Decree No. 385 of September 1, 1993, as amended) and in compliance with any other applicable laws and regulations or with any requirements imposed by CONSOB or any other Italian authority. Each intermediary must comply with the applicable laws and regulations concerning information duties vis à vis its clients in connection with the bonds or the relevant offering.

    The Offer to Purchase, nor any other documents or materials relating to the Tender Offer have been approved by, or will be submitted for the approval of, the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, the “CNBV“) and, therefore, the Old Bonds have not been, and may not be offered or sold publicly in Mexico. However, investors that qualify as institutional or qualified investors pursuant to the private placement exemption set forth in article 8 of the Mexican Securities Market Law (Ley del Mercado de Valores) may be contacted in connection with, and may participate in, the Tender Offer. The participation in the Tender Offer will be made under such investor’s own responsibility.

    The Tender Offer is not intended for any person who is not qualified as an institutional investor, in accordance with provisions set forth in Resolution SMV No. 021-2013-SMV-01 issued by Superintendency of Capital Markets (Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores) of Peru, and as subsequently amended. No legal, financial, tax or any other kind of advice is hereby being provided.

    The Offer to Purchase has not been and will not be registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The Tender Offer constitutes an offering of securities in Singapore pursuant to the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA“). 

    Neither the communication of the Offer to Purchase nor any other offer material relating to the Tender Offer has been approved by an authorized person for the purposes of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended, the “FSMA“). Accordingly, the Offer to Purchase is not being distributed to, and must not be passed on to, the general public in the United Kingdom (“UK“). The Offer to Purchase is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the UK; (ii) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (as amended, the “Order“); or (iii) high net worth entities and other persons to whom it may be lawfully communicated falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons falling within (i)-(iii) together being referred to as “relevant persons”). Any investment or investment activity to which the Offer to Purchase relates is available only to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on the Offer to Purchase or any of its contents.

    SOURCE Republic of Colombia

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  • Weekend rail disruption warning for Network Rail works

    Weekend rail disruption warning for Network Rail works

    Passengers have been warned of train disruptions across parts of the East of England, including Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and parts of Cambridgeshire, due to planned signalling upgrade works.

    Network Rail said a large section of the railway south of Peterborough will be closed between Saturday and Sunday.

    This was due to in-cab digital signalling being installed as part of a £1.4bn East Coast Digital Programme (ECDP), which aimed to create greener, safer and more reliable journeys for passengers.

    As a result, London North Eastern Railway (LNER) will have rail replacement coaches between Peterborough and Bedford, where customers can join train services to London St Pancras.

    Other works taking place on the same weekend include track renewal at Letchworth Garden City, rerailing at Welwyn and Wymondley and drainage improvements at Stevenage.

    This means there will be no Grand Central services, while Hull Trains will operate an amended service running to and from London St Pancras.

    In addition, there will be no Thameslink or Great Northern trains between Potters Bar and Peterborough/Royston, or between Hertford North and Stevenage.

    Additionally, before 09:40 BST on Sunday, buses will replace trains between Finsbury Park and Stevenage via Hertford North.

    Ricky Barsby, Network Rail’s head of access integration, ECDP, said: “The work taking place, including further testing, is part of our preparations for the introduction of digital in-cab signalling on the East Coast Main Line.

    “We are also taking the opportunity to carry out vital work at other East Coast locations during the same weekend.

    Further information regarding disruptions can be found on Network Rail’s website.

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  • Multidomain therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review of cognitive decline trials | Molecular Neurodegeneration

    Multidomain therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review of cognitive decline trials | Molecular Neurodegeneration

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  • The warning signal from bitcoin’s fall

    The warning signal from bitcoin’s fall

    Unlock the Editor’s Digest for free

    It has taken 17 years, significant investment, a string of false dawns and multiple broken promises but finally one of the key innovations to arise from the era of the great financial crisis has done something useful: my son made dinner last night. (I was out, but I gather it was a pretty decent effort at cream of tomato soup.)

    Similarly, bitcoin — the bouncing bundle of promise and potential that launched into the world around the same time as Martin kid B — has in the past week or so actually performed a pretty useful service. Proponents have told me for years that bitcoin is money (it’s not, really), that it’s an inflation hedge (come on, now), or that it’s a haven asset for times of stress (LOL), but it turns out that its most useful function is to serve as an early warning system that markets are unwell.

    On several occasions of late, it has been a lurch lower in bitcoin that has led a decline in global stocks. It sinks, stocks follow. And it has sunk a lot, down by a third since early October to $84,000 or so. Only another $84,000 to go before it reaches fair value. 

    Stocks had regained their footing somewhat following a shaky start to the week after robust earnings results from chipmaking behemoth Nvidia on Wednesday. But it was a tumble in the price of bitcoin that soured the mood again on Thursday, and stocks quickly followed. The big beast of crypto is now mainstream investors’ go-to barometer of vibes and speculative exuberance — a genuinely useful application at last.

    This could prove to be a very valuable tool for investors as we move on from the debate around whether we are in an artificial intelligence investment bubble — most investors I’ve spoken to recently agree that we are, or at the very least that pullbacks in the coming weeks and months after a spectacular bull run are a near-certainty. Not a crash, necessarily, but a correction, maybe several of them. Instead, the key debate is about whether and when to get out.

    Some content could not load. Check your internet connection or browser settings.

    The boring answer is to always be diversified, and while that is right, leaning out of big tech stocks does mean you have probably sacrificed a lot of returns this year. Those brave souls trying to time the market face a trickier task. Get out of stocks too early, and you risk losing out on the last rungs of the ladder. Being early is essentially the same thing as being wrong. 

    This is annoying, for one thing, but for the professionals, it is also potentially career-limiting. No one in fund management enjoys the conversation with their boss to explain why they have trailed behind the most basic stock indices by trying to be too clever. In addition, even if you do, by luck or skill, get out in time, figuring out when to get back in is also a fool’s errand. Too soon, and you lose money and look rather foolish. Too late and you miss those big turning points on the way back up, giving up a surprisingly large amount of performance in the process.

    At a presentation this week, Mark Haefele, chief investment officer at UBS Global Wealth Management, reflected on that point. He acknowledges that a lot of “glory and hopes” are now baked into the AI trade, and he’s not “100 per cent sure” it’s going to keep running. But he chooses to be optimistic, is diversifying to try to avoid excessive reliance on a small clutch of stocks, and he’s certainly right that even if this theme does fall over, we could be months, even years away from that happening. 

    Haefele recounted that in 1999, right before the crash (not a correction, a proper crash) in dotcom stocks, he was running other people’s money and was deeply worried about a bubble, and said so to clients. At the time he was far too bearish. “We felt terrible,” he said. “We were too early and we looked like idiots for a while.” He was later vindicated, of course, but not looking like an idiot is an important, often underrated element of how markets and investment really work.

    At Amundi, the Paris-based European asset manager, the mood is similar. Chief investment officer Vincent Mortier said this week that he is concerned about pockets of excessive spending on AI technology and infrastructure. Markets could be at a turning point right now but equally they might pick up again soon.

    “You know you are in a bubble when it bursts,” Mortier said. A big drop in big tech stocks could well be a “bloodbath”, he added. But timing is everything. His answer is to hold on to those stocks for now, but to buy insurance policies against a downturn. Hedge, don’t sell, is the motto. Sacrificing a little performance on options that pay out in a downturn is a less bitter pill than selling successful stocks too early. 

    Mortier has no allocation to bitcoin but he is watching it unusually closely, as it serves as a reminder that “trees are not growing to the sky”.

    A full-on market crash at the end of this year or at some point in 2026 is still a tail risk. Pullbacks and corrections, on the other hand, are highly likely. Keeping half an eye on the bitcoin price as a gauge of the market mood might just help in navigating this very challenging period.

    katie.martin@ft.com

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  • Coming soon from Tech Tonic: Defying death

    Coming soon from Tech Tonic: Defying death

    Investors are spending billions of dollars on novel ways to extend human life through inventive treatments, therapies, and even manipulating our genes. And increasingly, it seems as though anti-ageing efforts have moved from the super rich to a mass market consumer industry. In this series, we’re covering the past, present and future of the longevity movement. We’ll be looking at where the fixation on longevity is coming from, and trying to understand the practical and ethical issues at the heart of this cutting-edge field of research.

    From Silicon Valley fantasies, to Singaporean health spas, to Colombian genetic clinics and beyond, the FT’s Hannah Kuchler and Michael Peel ask whether breakthroughs in science and technology can really help us live longer, and even stop us aging altogether.

    Free to read:

    US ‘wellness’ industry scents opportunity to go mainstream

    The quest to make young blood into a drug

    This season of Tech Tonic was produced by Josh Gabert-Doyon. The senior producer is Edwin Lane. Flo Phillips is the executive producer. Sound design by Breen Turner and Samantha Giovinco. Fact checking by Simon Greaves, Lucy Baldwin and Tara Cromie. Original music by Metaphor Music. Manuela Saragosa is the FT’s acting co-head of audio.

    The FT does not use generative AI to voice its podcasts.

    View our accessibility guide.

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  • Pakistan loses $600 million to illegal crypto transactions as dollar sales to banks fall 23%

    Pakistan loses $600 million to illegal crypto transactions as dollar sales to banks fall 23%

    Pakistan has lost an estimated $600 million to illegal cryptocurrency transactions this year, reducing the flow of dollars into the banking system by 23% as buyers purchase cash from exchange companies and divert it into crypto through unlawful channels, Dawn reported. 

    Exchange companies say customers continue to buy dollars from licensed firms, deposit them into their foreign currency (FCY) accounts and then withdraw the cash to purchase cryptocurrencies through unregulated platforms. Between January and October, around $400 million was retained in FCY accounts, while roughly $600 million exited the system without trace.

    The Exchange Companies Association of Pakistan reported that dollar sales to banks fell significantly during the first 10 months of the year. Banks received about $4 billion from exchange firms last year over the same period, compared to only $3 billion this year. 

    “These disappeared dollars were mostly invested in cryptocurrencies,” the association’s chairman Malik Bostan said.

    Recent State Bank directives require both banks and exchange firms to avoid issuing cash dollars for FCY deposits and instead transfer the funds directly into customers’ accounts. Exchange firms now transfer money electronically or issue cheques, but the dollars are still being withdrawn from banks before being routed into crypto, Bostan added.

    Despite tight monitoring at borders with Afghanistan and Iran, the downward trend in dollar sales continued during the first four months of FY25. Exchange firms sold $280 million in July ($333 million in 2024), $163 million in August ($295 million), $186 million in September ($214 million) and $244 million in October ($297 million). Total sales fell from $1.139 billion in July–Oct 2024 to $873 million in the same period this year, a 23% decline.

    Meanwhile, State Bank data shows commercial banks’ dollar holdings increased from $4.180 billion in January to $4.625 billion, a rise of $425 million, reflecting changes in market behaviour and tighter controls on informal flows.

    Pakistan’s dollar pressures have persisted for years, leaving the country close to default in 2023 before it secured an IMF bailout. Import restrictions and crackdowns on illegal currency trading helped stabilise the situation, but rising use of cryptocurrencies now poses new challenges for policymakers trying to conserve foreign exchange.

    The government is preparing to re-enter the international debt market with fresh bonds, including Panda Bonds in China. SBP reserves currently stand at $14.551 billion and officials expect them to reach $17 billion by the end of FY26, supported by stronger remittances and an anticipated $1.2 billion IMF tranche.


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  • BP crew excavates Olympic Pipeline, yet to find cause of leak – Reuters

    1. BP crew excavates Olympic Pipeline, yet to find cause of leak  Reuters
    2. Gasoline cracks fall  TradingView
    3. Emergency Declared To Maintain Seattle Airport’s Jet Fuel Supply  Aviation Week Network
    4. Truckers up to the task of hauling jet fuel from Blaine to Sea-Tac Airport  Yahoo
    5. Seattle Airport Faces Threat of Fuel Crunch on Shut Pipeline  Bloomberg.com

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  • Dynamic graph-based quantum feature selection for accurate fetal plane classification in ultrasound imaging

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  • FOCUS: Concerns Grow over Japan’s Massive Fiscal Spending under Takaichi

    FOCUS: Concerns Grow over Japan’s Massive Fiscal Spending under Takaichi

    Society

    Tokyo, Nov. 22 (Jiji Press)–A large-scale economic package adopted by the government of Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi on Friday has sparked worries about massive fiscal spending.

    The package, worth 21.3 trillion yen in terms of government spending, is the first under Takaichi, who took office a month ago.

    General-account spending under the government’s planned fiscal 2025 supplementary budget to finance measures in the package is expected to total roughly 17.7 trillion yen, up sharply from 13.9 trillion yen under the fiscal 2024 extra budget and the largest since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    The new Japanese leader, who is eager to leverage fiscal spending to achieve high economic growth under the banner of “responsible and proactive” public finances, does not rule out the possibility of increasing the issuance of Japanese government bonds.

    With the Japanese government continuing to compile large-scale supplementary budgets even after the end of the pandemic, however, financial markets’ confidence in the country’s public finances and its currency is apparently starting to wane.

    [Copyright The Jiji Press, Ltd.]

    Jiji Press

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