Category: 8. Health

  • Meat hummus lowers microbes and raises nutrition

    Meat hummus lowers microbes and raises nutrition

    Scientists show that lamb-infused hummus packs more protein, iron, and flavor while staying fresher, offering flexitarians and athletes a nutrient-rich twist on the classic dip.

    Study: Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Structural Characterization of a Novel Meat-Based Hummus. Image credit: Elena.Katkova/Shutterstock.com

    A recent Foods study assessed the physicochemical, nutritional, and structural characteristics of meat-based hummus prepared by incorporating 50% cooked minced mutton along with 0.4% sodium acid sulphate (SAS), a U.S. FDA “Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) additive and EPA-designated “Safer Choice” antimicrobial.

    Why do we need meat-based hummus?

    Hummus is a traditional Middle Eastern chickpea-based delicacy with a rich flavor and nutritional profile. However, ready-to-eat hummus can be high in sodium, which may contribute to elevated blood pressure and increased cardiovascular risk. A second concern with ready-to-eat hummus is its allergenicity. Allergens such as wheat gluten may provoke mild to severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

    The bioavailability of nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, and zinc, used to fortify commercially available ready-to-eat hummus, is often lower than that from animal sources. Furthermore, the quantity of fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in chickpeas is high, which may lead to discomfort from gas and bloating in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Hummus has also been linked to food safety issues; between 2002 and 2017, 17 outbreaks of foodborne illness in the U.S. were associated with hummus, underscoring its vulnerability to pathogens like Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria. This stimulated research into developing a meat-based hummus.

    Red meat is a rich source of bioavailable heme iron and vitamin B12, which is particularly important for children, pregnant women, athletes, and the elderly. Combining legumes and meat could offer a nutritionally richer meal, blending fiber and phytochemicals with absorbable minerals and complete amino acids.

    About the study

    The present study aims to assess a novel formulation of meat-based hummus, using SAS as a natural preservative. Legs from three lambs were used with an approximate lean level of 85%. Chickpea seeds were soaked in water overnight and then cooked in a pressure cooker for 25–30 minutes. Pre-weighed quantities of all ingredients, i.e., pressure-cooked lamb, cooked chickpeas, olive oil, tahini, salt, lemon juice, freshly minced garlic, and water, were blended into a smooth paste. Granules of antimicrobial SAS were also added to the paste. The granules of SAS were pulverized and evenly mixed to ensure uniform distribution.

    The meat-based hummus (50% chickpeas and 50% minced lamb) with 0.4% SAS as a preservative was compared to the traditional hummus with no SAS or minced lamb. In addition to the pH, the microbiological quality was assessed using the total plate count (TPC) on day 0 and day 7. To analyze color, L* (lightness indicator), a* (redness indicator), and b* (yellowness indicator) values were noted. The prepared hummus also underwent nutritional and sensory evaluation.

    Study findings

    The pH of the meat-based hummus was comparatively lower than that of the traditional hummus, which could be due to the acidic influence of SAS. In traditional hummus, b* and L* values were higher than meat-based hummus, possibly driven by the natural pigmentation from chickpea starch and leguminous fibers. The myoglobin content of lamb could partially explain the darker hue of meat-based hummus. Redness values were similar between the two types of hummus.

    TPC was similar at day 0; however, on day 7, TPC was significantly lower in the meat-based hummus. This highlighted SAS’s antimicrobial action on microorganisms over the storage period. Meat-based hummus showed a 12.5% increase in total calories, 20% increase in total fat, and 66.6% increase in protein, relative to traditional hummus. The former also had higher amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat.

    Meat-based hummus contained heme iron, which is more bioavailable than the non-heme iron in chickpeas, even though total iron content was similar (1 mg per serving). Traditional hummus also provides higher total carbohydrates and calcium, and lower sodium. Meat-based hummus had a modest sodium increase (150 mg vs. 130 mg per serving), partly from SAS and meat’s intrinsic sodium.

    Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed fundamental physicochemical contrasts between traditional and meat-based hummus. The former showed a porous, open network structure with loosely bound particles and irregular voids. The consistency was gel-like and spreadable, potentially driven by starches, polysaccharides, and soluble fibers. In contrast, meat-based hummus showed a fibrous, compact, and densely structured matrix. There were fewer voids and tightly bound protein aggregates, potentially because of cross-linked muscle fibers and acid-induced protein gelation from SAS.

    Concerning sensory scores, there was no difference between traditional and meat-based hummus in appearance and color. The grain properties, flavor, creaminess, and mouth-coating scores for meat-based hummus were higher. The higher sensory score of meat-based hummus could be attributed to the fatty acid content of lamb and the umami profile.

    Conclusions

    The results documented in this study highlight that while traditional hummus has more carbohydrates, calcium, and fiber, meat-based hummus contains a higher amount of fat, protein, saturated fat, and bioavailable iron content. It also has slightly higher sodium and cholesterol, which should be considered by individuals monitoring these nutrients. In terms of flavor, creaminess, and overall acceptability, meat-based hummus scored higher than traditional hummus.

    In sum, the results suggest that flexitarians could benefit from the development of food products that combine meat- and plant-based ingredients. Meat-based hummus supports growth and muscle recovery, and could be beneficial for athletes, young children, and women with higher nutritional requirements. However, the study notes that future research with larger sensory panels and longer storage testing is needed to confirm its shelf stability and broad consumer acceptance.

    Download your PDF copy now!

    Journal reference:

    • Goswami, M. et al. (2025) Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Structural Characterization of a Novel Meat-Based Hummus. Foods. 14(14), 2507. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14142507 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2507

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  • Safe to Skip Postop Radioiodine in Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers?

    Safe to Skip Postop Radioiodine in Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers?

    TOPLINE:

    A recent phase 3 trial found that 5-year recurrence-free survival was similar among patients who did and did not receive postoperative radioiodine, indicating the treatment can be safely avoided in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer — specifically those with pT1, pT2, and N0 or Nx tumors who have no adverse features after total thyroidectomy.

    METHODOLOGY:

    • Although now used less often, total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine has traditionally been the standard of care for treating differentiated thyroid cancer. Observational studies and the ESTIMABL2 trial , published in 2022, suggested that patients with low-risk disease could safely skip radioiodine, but confirmatory evidence was still needed.
    • The recent randomized, noninferiority, phase 3 IoN trial aimed to answer this question. The study involved patients at 33 cancer centers in the UK who underwent complete resection following total thyroidectomy and stage pT1, pT2, pT3, or pT3a disease.
    • Researchers randomly assigned 504 patients (77% women) to receive (n = 253) or not receive (n = 251) postoperative radioiodine. Patients underwent neck ultrasound scans annually and serum thyroglobulin measurements every 6 months. The median follow-up was 6.7 years.
    • The primary outcome was 5-year disease-free survival, defined as the absence of locoregional recurrent or residual structural disease, distant metastases, or death from thyroid cancer. Noninferiority was assessed with a margin of 5 percentage points.
    • Overall, 47% of patients had pT1 tumors, 44% had pT2, and 9% had pT3 or pT3a; 91% of patients had N0 or Nx disease, and 9% had N1a disease.

    TAKEAWAY:

    • Overall, 17 recurrences were reported — 8 in the no-radioiodine group and 9 in the radioiodine group. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 97.9% in the no-radioiodine group vs 96.3% in the radioiodine group, with an absolute risk difference of 0.5 percentage points (P for noninferiority = .033), highlighting the noninferiority of omitting radioiodine.
    • Higher recurrence rates were observed in patients with pT3 or pT3a tumors than in those with pT1 or pT2 tumors (9% vs 3%) and in patients with N1a tumors than in those with N0 or Nx tumors (13% vs 2%). Additionally, baseline postsurgical thyroglobulin levels ≥ 2 ng/mL were associated with a higher risk for recurrence (hazard ratio, 12.75; P < .0001).
    • Adverse events were comparable between the no-radioiodine and radioiodine groups, with fatigue (25% vs 28%), lethargy (14% in both), and dry mouth (10% vs 9%) being the most common.
    • No treatment-related deaths or deaths from thyroid cancer were reported. But a total of eight patients died — an equal number in both groups. In the no-radioiodine group, deaths were due to two new primary cancers, one myocardial infarction, and one liver failure. In the radioiodine group, one death was due to bowel cancer and three due to vascular or unknown causes.

    IN PRACTICE:

    IoN and ESTIMABL2 together “offer strong and complementary evidence showing” that postoperative radioiodine can be avoided in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer — more specifically, pT1 or pT2 tumors with N0 nodal status and no other adverse features, the study authors concluded.

    Although the evidence for or against radioiodine in patients with pT3, pT3a, or N1a tumors was deemed “insufficient,” the authors concluded that “most patients worldwide with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer” can now safely avoid radioiodine.

    SOURCE:

    This study, led by Ujjal Mallick, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was published online in The Lancet.

    LIMITATIONS:

    Patients had relatively few recurrences, and the findings may not be applicable to the youngest patients. Additionally, molecular data (eg, on BRAF and TERT mutations) were not routinely collected from patients.

    DISCLOSURES:

    This study was funded by Cancer Research UK. One author reported receiving honoraria from Esai and the British Medical Ultrasound Society for presenting treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer. Another author reported receiving honoraria from Esai for presenting treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer. All other authors declared having no competing interests.

    This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.

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  • ILD Associated With Increased Risk for Lung Cancer

    ILD Associated With Increased Risk for Lung Cancer

    TOPLINE:

    Individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD) had more than a 13-fold higher incidence rate of lung cancer than those without ILD. The association persisted after adjustment for confounders, was consistent across all histological subtypes, and remained elevated even 10 years after ILD diagnosis.

    METHODOLOGY:

    • ILD is a progressive chronic lung disease previously linked to a suspected incidence of lung cancer. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed the risk for lung cancer in patients with ILD after controlling for genetic factors.
    • This cohort study included 5,425,976 individuals (51.2% men) from the Swedish Total Population Register; of these, 14,624 had ILD (58.1% men; 65.9% aged > 40 years).
    • The researchers conducted a sibling‐controlled analysis to account for genetic and early environmental factors. This involved 9157 individuals with ILD and at least one full sibling and 21,725 unaffected full siblings.
    • The primary outcome was lung cancer diagnosis. The follow-up spanned from 1987 to 2016.

    TAKEAWAY:

    • The incidence rate of lung cancer was significantly higher among patients with vs without ILD (355.4 vs 26.2 per 100,000 person-years).
    • After adjusting for confounders, the risk for lung cancer remained higher among individuals with ILD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.16). The sibling-controlled analysis also revealed a higher risk for lung cancer (HR, 2.91).
    • When stratified by histological subtypes, an elevated risk for lung cancer was observed for adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.60), squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 2.56), and small cell carcinoma (HR, 3.29).
    • Including the first 3 years of follow-up, ILD was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer, and this increased risk persisted even 10 years post-diagnosis (HR, 2.08).

    IN PRACTICE:

    “Our findings indicate that ILD is associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer, even after adjusting for familial factors” and “an increased risk of various histological subtypes of lung cancer,” the authors wrote. “These findings suggest that the presence of ILD should be incorporated into lung cancer risk assessment models,” they added.

    SOURCE:

    This study, led by Hui Xu, MD, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, was published online in JAMA Network Open.

    LIMITATIONS:

    The study lacked detailed smoking history and relied on diagnoses of smoking-related diseases as proxies, which may have led to residual confounding. The number of lung cancer cases in some ILD subtypes was too small for detailed subtype-specific analyses. Additionally, the study could not assess tumor location, limiting anatomical correlation between ILD and lung cancer.

    DISCLOSURES:

    This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish Cancer Society. The authors reported having no conflicts of interest.

    This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.

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  • Consensus on the Use of Mefenamic Acid in Pediatric Practice: Perspectives From Indian Pediatricians

    Consensus on the Use of Mefenamic Acid in Pediatric Practice: Perspectives From Indian Pediatricians


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  • Experts Urge MMR Vaccine Uptake in Wake of Measles Outbreak

    Experts Urge MMR Vaccine Uptake in Wake of Measles Outbreak


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    In light of recent measles outbreaks in Western countries, the Global Virus Network (GVN), a coalition of leading virologists working in more than 40 countries, has called for stronger public messaging to encourage measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in children.

    In the US, there have been 29 measles outbreaks so far this year, according to the Center for Disease and Control (CDC) – a significant increase on the 16 outbreaks recorded during the whole of 2024.

    As of July 15, the CDC has recorded 1,309 cases of the disease and 3 related deaths.

    One death has been reported in Canada, and another reported in the UK.

    Fighting a measles outbreak

    Measles is a highly contagious viral disease, most commonly spread among children. Prior to the development of a vaccine in the 1950s, the virus claimed over two million deaths each year. Strong vaccination programs in Western countries eventually pushed deaths down to single digits, and virtually quashed outbreaks, but casualties remained higher in developing nations, largely due to limited vaccine access.

    Despite this laudable progress, the disease has begun to make a comeback in certain Western countries, as highlighted by the US’s 29 recent outbreaks.

    These outbreaks follow increasing global rates of vaccine skepticism – perpetuated by online conspiracy influencers – and a drop in child MMR vaccination uptake; during the 2023–2024 school year, kindergarten vaccination rates fell to 92.7% in the US, 3.3% below the herd immunity target of 95%.

    In response, the GVN has urgently called for stronger public health messaging on the need for vaccines.

    “Every measles outbreak is a failure of public health infrastructure and public trust,” Scott C. Weaver, GVN Center of Excellence director at the University of Texas Medical Branch, said in a statement published on July 16.

    “We cannot afford complacency. The MMR vaccine is safe, effective and essential to safeguarding our communities, especially the most vulnerable among us.”

    Weaver and his colleagues at the GVN have also called for improved outbreak surveillance programs and focused efforts in underserved and rural communities, “where access and hesitancy pose heightened risks.”

    Measles rates are also surging in Africa and southeast Asia, exacerbated by war, displacement, fragile health systems and interrupted vaccination campaigns. The World Health Organization and the CDC report that over 10.3 million cases occurred worldwide in 2023, up from just 10,000 in 2022.

    “As global travel rebounds, localized outbreaks can quickly become international threats,” Robert C. Gallo, chairman of the Scientific Leadership Board and co-founder of the GVN, said in a statement. “This is not just about measles, it’s a warning about what happens when we let our guard down against vaccine-preventable diseases.”

    Reaction from the UK

    In response to the recent death of a child from measles in Merseyside, England, UK researchers have also stressed the importance of compelling, encompassing vaccination campaigns to address falling MMR rates.

    “It is deeply saddening to hear that a child has died as a result of measles virus infection at Alder Hay hospital, as well as yet more children requiring treatment in hospital,” Stephen Griffin, a professor of Cancer Virology at the University of Leeds, said in a statement to the UK’s Science Media Centre.

    “While it’s not known for certain whether the child in question was vaccinated, this would certainly be the most likely explanation for this dreadful outcome,” he wrote.

    “The vaccine is highly effective, preventing infection and disease with ~95–97% efficacy for many years.  However, due to the incredibly high infectivity of the virus, we need to maintain coverage at ~95%, a target that we are woefully short of in many parts of the UK at present.”

    “Ultimately,” Griffin added, “there is a sinister, well-funded network of people spreading mis/disinformation, that exacerbates hesitancy and plays on insecurities. It is vital that we counter these movements with education about the risks of infectious disease, as well as accounting for community and other variables. If action isn’t increased, we face the possibility of such tragedy becoming increasingly commonplace.”

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  • Singapore researchers develop AI-based model to predict liver cancer recurrence-Xinhua

    SINGAPORE, July 21 (Xinhua) — Singaporean researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered scoring system capable of predicting the recurrence of liver cancer, according to a press release from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research on Monday.

    Developed by scientists from the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) under the agency in collaboration with the Singapore General Hospital, the system can forecast the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver cancer, with approximately 82 percent accuracy.

    The system works by analyzing the spatial distribution of natural killer immune cells and five key genes within liver tumor tissues.

    “In Singapore, up to 70 percent of liver cancer patients experience recurrence within five years,” said Principal Investigator Joe Yeong from the IMCB, noting that this system empowers clinicians to intervene as early as possible.

    Researchers validated the system using tissue samples from 231 patients across five hospitals. It is now accessible via a free web portal for research purposes, with plans underway to integrate it into standard clinical workflows.

    Further validation studies are scheduled to begin later this year. ■

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  • Immersive 3D Therapy Effective for Voice Hallucinations?

    Immersive 3D Therapy Effective for Voice Hallucinations?

    TOPLINE:

    An immersive virtual reality (VR)-assisted therapy known as Challenge-VRT was associated with a greater reduction in severity and frequency of auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia than enhanced treatment as usual, a new randomized study showed.

    METHODOLOGY:

    • This randomized parallel-group trial was conducted between 2020 and 2023 across three Danish regions and included adult patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (mean age, 33 years; 61% women) who experienced auditory verbal hallucinations for 3 or more months. On average, the patients experienced these voices for 15 years.
    • Participants were randomly assigned to receive either seven weekly sessions plus two booster sessions of Challenge-VRT (n = 140) or matching enhanced treatment as usual (control group; n = 131). Challenge-VRT used a VR avatar of the patient’s voice to guide them through phases of empowerment, self-worth development, and recovery while they wore a head-mounted display and engaged in a 3D environment.
    • The primary outcome was clinician-rated severity of auditory verbal hallucinations, as measured by the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales-Auditory Hallucinations (PSYRATS-AH) total score at 12 weeks.
    • Secondary outcomes included social functioning, the PSYRATS-AH-Frequency and Distress subscales, and the Voice Power Differential Scale.

    TAKEAWAY:

    • Compared with the control group, the Challenge-VRT group had a significant reduction in severity of auditory verbal hallucinations (adjusted mean difference, -2.3; P = .03) at 12 weeks.
    • The VR group also showed a significant reduction in hallucination frequency at 12 (P = .02) and 24 (P = .03) weeks. Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups.
    • Challenge-VRT was generally well-tolerated, with a 79% completion rate for all seven weekly sessions. Although 37% of participants reported increased hallucination symptoms after the first three sessions, the frequency decreased after the fourth session and continued declining until the end of the study.
    • Serious adverse events potentially related to the VR treatment included five cases of hospital admission due to exacerbation of auditory verbal hallucinations and one episode of self-harm. Additionally, women had higher rates of psychiatric admissions and higher simulation sickness scores than men.

    IN PRACTICE:

    “Challenge-VRT showed short-term efficacy in reducing the severity of auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia, and the findings support further development and evaluation of immersive virtual reality-based therapies in this population,” the investigators wrote.

    However, Mark Hayward, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, noted several concerns in an accompanying editorial, including about how to effectively train clinicians to deliver this therapy and why the outcomes weren’t sustainable. He also questioned whether a 3D immersive environment is superior to a 2D environment, such as watching something on a computer screen.

    “The findings from the Challenge trial suggest that 3D does not add value to avatar therapy. If people with psychosis who are distressed by hearing voices are to build sustainable momentum for their recovery journeys, some of the remaining questions about avatar therapy need to be addressed,” Hayward wrote.

    SOURCE:

    The study was led by Lisa Charlotte Smith, PhD, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. It was published online on July 2 in The Lancet Psychiatry.

    LIMITATIONS:

    The control group received counseling without a structured treatment manual or formal quality assessment, making direct comparison with Challenge-VRT challenging. Hospitalization data were incomplete, and frequent but undocumented technical problems with the VR system remained unassessed. Key outcome scales were also unreliable or inapplicable for subgroups. Additionally, the real-world sample underrepresented ethnic diversity, and the use of a therapist-controlled, immersive avatar raised ethical concerns about informed consent and off-session effects.

    DISCLOSURES:

    The study was funded by The Innovation Fund Denmark, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Innovation Fund North Denmark Region, Psychiatry Research Fund North Denmark Region, and The M L Jørgensen and Gunnar Hansen Fund. Four of the 13 investigators reported having financial ties and research collaborations with Heka VR, who provided the software, and other sources. Full details are provided in the original article. The other investigators and the editorialist reported having no relevant conflicts of interest.

    This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.

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  • Irish researchers reveal new electrically active implant for spinal repair

    Irish researchers reveal new electrically active implant for spinal repair

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    Researchers from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin have developed a 3D printed implant that may support the repair of spinal cord injuries by delivering electrical stimulation to damaged nerve tissue.

    Led by Dr Ian Woods and Professor Fergal O’Brien at RCSI’s Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), in partnership with the AMBER Centre at Trinity College Dublin, the study was published in Advanced Science. It was supported by the Irish Rugby Football Union Charitable Trust (IRFU-CT), and the Irish Research Council.

    The implant is made from a soft, gel-like extracellular matrix composed of hyaluronic acid, collagen type-IV, and fibronectin, designed to resemble the natural environment of the spinal cord. Inside this matrix, the team inserted a fine mesh made of plastic fibers (polycaprolactone, or PCL) coated with MXene nanosheets, microscopic flakes of a conductive material that help transmit electrical signals without harming surrounding cells.

    “Promoting the regrowth of neurons after spinal cord injury has been historically difficult; however our group is developing electrically conductive biomaterials that could channel electrical stimulation across the injury, helping the body to repair the damaged tissue,” explains Professor O’Brien.

    MXene and MXene-PCL Characterization. Image via RCSI.
    MXene and MXene-PCL Characterization. Image via RCSI.

    Printed fibers guide electrical healing

    Using a technique called melt electrowriting, the researchers 3D printed these fibers with high precision, spacing them at different densities. They created three versions of the implant: low-, medium-, and high-density fiber networks, with spacing ranging from 1000 to 500 µm. Each variation produced different levels of electrical conductivity, ranging from 0.081 to 18.87 siemens per meter (S/m).

    When freeze-dried, the scaffold retained porosity greater than 99% and maintained a compressive stiffness between 0.6 and 3.25 kPa, similar to the softness of spinal cord tissue. To test effectiveness, the researchers grew human-derived neurons, astrocytes, and microglia on the implant.

    Neurons showed significantly increased growth and metabolic activity on the MXene-coated fibers compared to controls. Astrocytes were less reactive, which is favorable for nerve repair, and microglia showed no signs of inflammation. These results confirmed that the implant was both safe and compatible with central nervous system cell types.

    Further tests assessed the implant’s performance under electrical stimulation. In one experiment, neurons were cultured on the implant for seven days. Those on high-density scaffolds and exposed to electrical signals grew axons averaging 108.5 µm, compared to 74.3 µm in unstimulated controls and 67.4 µm on unstimulated MXene scaffolds. Medium-density scaffolds, however, yielded the longest neurites per cell and the highest levels of BII-tubulin, a marker of neuron maturity.

    In a more advanced model, the team used neurospheres, i.e., 3D clusters of neural stem cells from the olfactory bulb of mice. These cells can become various brain and nerve cell types. When stimulated electrically on the implant, those on medium- and high-density scaffolds developed longer axons and showed more signs of maturing into neurons. Axon lengths reached 203.6 µm in the high-density group, compared to 94.1 µm on non-conductive controls and 88.6 µm in the low-density group.

    The structure and spacing of the conductive fibers significantly influenced the impact of electrical stimulation. While a tighter mesh improved signal delivery, a medium-density design offered the best environment for overall cell growth. MXene content remained below 0.3% of the scaffold volume, yet proved highly effective when strategically arranged.

    The project also benefited from insights provided by an advisory group that included clinicians, researchers, and seriously injured rugby players. Supported by (IRFU-CT), the group helped researchers understand the real-world challenges of spinal cord injury and provided guidance on patient priorities. As Dr. Woods puts it, “our regular meetings allowed for a consistent exchange of input, ideas and results.”

    While still in early development, the implant offers a new approach to combining electrical stimulation with soft, biocompatible materials in a precisely tunable 3D printed format.

    The Effect of MXene-ECM Scaffold Conductivity and 3D printed Micro-Mesh Design on Neuronal Cell Behavior in Response to Continuous Electrical stimulation. Image via RCSI.The Effect of MXene-ECM Scaffold Conductivity and 3D printed Micro-Mesh Design on Neuronal Cell Behavior in Response to Continuous Electrical stimulation. Image via RCSI.
    The Effect of MXene-ECM Scaffold Conductivity and 3D printed Micro-Mesh Design on Neuronal Cell Behavior in Response to Continuous Electrical stimulation. Image via RCSI.

    3D printed implants to restore spinal cord function

    Like other areas of regenerative medicine, 3D printing offers strong potential to improve outcomes and increase the effectiveness of spinal repair procedures.

    Israeli regenerative medicine firm Matricelf tested a bioprinted spinal cord implant developed using technology from Tel Aviv University (TAU) on paralyzed mice with notable results. Researchers began by reprogramming cells from a patient’s belly fat into stem cells, then embedded them in a personalized hydrogel made from the patient’s own extracellular matrix. 

    These were bioprinted into spinal cord-like neuronal networks designed to avoid immune rejection. After implantation, all mice with acute paralysis regained movement, while 80% of chronically paralyzed mice recovered. The method mimicked embryonic spinal development, and Matricelf sought to begin human trials by late 2024 following further safety studies.

    Additionally, researchers from the University of California San Diego’s School of Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine (IEM) developed a 3D printed spinal cord implant that restored motor function in rats with severe injuries. Each 2 mm implant was produced in just 1.6 seconds, featuring 200 µm-wide channels that guided neural stem cell growth and helped reconnect severed axons. 

    Implanted into injury sites, the scaffold supported natural vascularization and enabled significant hind limb recovery. To demonstrate clinical potential, the team also printed four-centimeter human-scale implants from MRI scans in under 10 minutes, moving closer to future human trials.

    What 3D printing trends should you watch out for in 2025?

    How is the future of 3D printing shaping up?

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    Featured image shows the Effect of MXene-ECM Scaffold Conductivity and 3D printed Micro-Mesh Design on Neuronal Cell Behavior in Response to Continuous Electrical stimulation. Image via RCSI.


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  • NHS to roll out long-lasting RSV antibody jab for premature babies

    NHS to roll out long-lasting RSV antibody jab for premature babies

    image: ©EyeEm Mobile GmbH| iStock

    The NHS will offer a long-acting antibody injection to protect thousands of premature and vulnerable babies from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) starting this autumn

    Thousands of premature and vulnerable babies across England are set to receive enhanced protection from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as the NHS rolls out a new long-acting antibody injection. The initiative, launching this autumn, marks a significant step forward in preventing severe illness among at-risk infants during the winter months.

    Protecting 7,000 high-risk infants

    RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common virus that infects 90% of children by the age of two, and is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation. The infection can develop into life-threatening pneumonia and infant bronchiolitis. Data shows that babies born prematurely are three times more likely to need hospital admission due to RSV, and ten times more likely to require intensive care, compared to full-term babies.

    NHS England is rolling out a drug called nirsevimab from late September to protect against RSV to around 7,000 high-risk infants and babies born before 32 weeks this year, helping vulnerable infants avoid hospitalisation.

    Nirsevimab offers 80% protection against RSV

    Nirsevimab offers six months’ protection in a single dose and will replace monthly injections of palivizumab previously provided to a smaller number of vulnerable babies. Clinical trial data indicate that palivizumab provides around 55% protection while nirsevimab offers more than 80% protection against the virus.

    In addition, nirsevimab will be offered seasonally to eligible high-risk infants and young children with complex heart, lung or weakened immune system conditions.

    Dr Claire Fuller, Co-National Medical Director for NHS England, said: “This injection will provide premature babies with a protective bubble against RSV just in time for the colder months.

    “It will offer a long-lasting defence, helping to avoid unnecessary hospitalisations and serious illness, giving babies the best possible start in life and shielding them from harm.”

    Nirsevimab works differently from the RSV vaccine offered to pregnant women, boosting the mother’s immune system to create extra protective antibodies that are passed to the baby in the womb, providing protection from birth. However, babies born before 32 weeks have limited or no protection from vaccinations that pregnant women receive at the recommended time, around 28 weeks.

    John Stewart, Director of Specialised Commissioning at NHS England, said: “For babies born very prematurely, the risk of contracting RSV in their first winter is high and extremely serious.

    “This new medication will provide vulnerable infants with their suit of armour that protects against what can be a life-threatening infection.

    “I am delighted that we will be able to offer nirsevimab to protect these babies from this winter onwards, and I’m extremely grateful to colleagues in specialist neonatal clinics across the country who will deliver this life-saving service.”

    Minister for Public Health and Prevention Ashley Dalton said:  “This is excellent news for thousands of vulnerable babies and their families. By rolling out nirsevimab this September, we’re ensuring that our most at-risk infants, including those who are born too early to benefit from maternal vaccination, are protected in the best possible way.

    “This rollout is a prime example of how this government is shifting the focus from sickness to prevention, as part of our 10 Year Health Plan.”

    Dr Conall Watson, consultant epidemiologist at the UK Health Security Agency, said: “Having an RSV vaccine from week 28 in every pregnancy is key to protecting your baby against RSV bronchiolitis. Most RSV hospital admissions in babies can be prevented by vaccination.

    “This new NHS nirsevimab immunisation programme will offer critical protection for very premature babies born before mum’s antenatal vaccination can protect them.

    “UKHSA has been working closely with JCVI and the NHS to provide evidence in support of this programme, and we are delighted to see this launch ahead of winter 2025.”

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  • A genetic test could predict the odds of obesity, allowing for early interventions

    A genetic test could predict the odds of obesity, allowing for early interventions

    A genetic test may one day predict a child’s risk of obesity in adulthood, paving the way for early interventions.

    Certain genetic variants can affect how a person’s body stores fat or make them more prone to overeating. Genetic variation can also predict how well a person will respond to different weight loss drugs.

    In a study published Monday in the journal Nature Medicine, more than 600 researchers from around the world worked together to compile genetic data from more than 5 million people — the largest and most diverse genetic dataset to date. They also used genetic data from 23andMe.

    From the dataset, the researchers were able to create what’s known as a polygenic risk score, which takes into account which genetic variants a person has that have been linked to a higher BMI in adulthood.

    The score, the researchers said, could be used to predict a person’s risk of obesity as an adult — before they even turn 5.

    “Childhood is the best time to intervene,” said study co-author Ruth Loos, a professor at the University of Copenhagen’s Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research. (Research conducted at the center is not influenced by drugmaker Novo Nordisk, though some of the study authors had ties to pharmaceutical companies that make weight loss drugs.)

    The findings come as obesity is rising around the world. Rates of obesity in adults have more than doubled globally since 1990, and adolescent rates have quadrupled, according to the World Health Organization. About 16% of adults worldwide have obesity and the situation is worse in the United States, where more than 40% of adults have obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics show.

    Twice as effective

    The new test is not the first that predicts a person’s risk of obesity, but Loos and her team showed it was about twice as effective as the method doctors currently use to assess their patients. That polygenetic score can account for about 8.5% of a person’s risk for having a high BMI as an adult. The new score increased that to about 17.6%, at least in people with European ancestry.

    “That’s a pretty powerful risk indicator for obesity, but it still leaves open a lot that is unknown,” said Dr. Roy Kim, a pediatric endocrinologist at Cleveland Clinic Children’s who was not involved with the research.

    Based on this score, more than 80% of a person’s risk for obesity can be explained by other factors, such as where they live, what kinds of foods they have access to, and how much they exercise.

    The test was not nearly as effective in predicting obesity risk in non-Europeans. It explained about 16% of the risk for having a high BMI in East Asian Americans, but just 2.2% in rural Ugandans.

    About 70% of people whose data was included in the study were of predominantly European ancestry. About 14% were Hispanic and typically had a mix of ancestries. About 8% were of predominantly East Asian descent and just under 5% were of predominantly African ancestry. These samples were predominantly from African American people, who largely had mixed ancestry. Just 1.5% were of predominantly South Asian ancestry.

    Loos said the new score is a big step forward, but that it’s still a prototype. The next step is to collect more — and more diverse — data on people with African ancestry in particular to improve how well the score works for everyone, not just white people.

    She said the score could offer one indicator — what high blood pressure is to heart disease, for example — that could help predict a person’s risk of developing obesity.

    “Obesity is not only about genetics, so genetics alone can never accurately predict obesity,” Loos said. “For the general obesity that we see all over the world, we need other factors such as lifestyle that need to be part of the predictions.” Genetics play a bigger role in severe obesity, meaning a BMI of more than 40, she added.

    Still, identifying a person’s genetic risk early on in childhood and intervening early with lifestyle coaching could make a big difference, she said. Research has shown that about 55% of children with obesity go on to have obesity in adolescence, and that about 80% of those individuals will have obesity in adulthood.

    “Behavioral things are really important,” Kim said. “Their environment, their access to healthy food, exercise opportunities, even their knowledge about healthy foods all affect a person’s obesity risk.”

    How important are genetics, really?

    Although studies in identical twins have found that genetics can account for as much as 80% of the reason a person has obesity, lifestyle factors still play a huge role, Kim said.

    “Even with the same genetic makeup, people can have different body types,” he said. “From a very young age in my practice, we educate patients about the importance of eating protein-rich foods, a lot of fruits and vegetables and not too many refined carbs.”

    Dr. Juliana Simonetti, co-director of the Comprehensive Weight Management Program at the University of Utah, has been using genetic testing in her adult patients for about five years. She said understanding a person’s genes can help doctors better treat weight gain.

    “Obesity is not homogeneous. We have different kinds and different presentations,” said Simonetti, who wasn’t involved with the new study.

    Simonetti uses a person’s genes to determine if a patient struggles with satiety, or feeling full.

    “They eat but do not feel full,” Simonetti said, adding that this is a disorder caused by genetic mutations affecting certain pathways in the body. People who have these mutations “tend to have higher weight,” she said.

    But such mutations do not tell the whole genetic story of obesity, Simonetti said. The genes that a person inherits from either parent, even if they are not mutations, also determine how a person’s body stores weight or uses energy. Both can play a big role in obesity risk.

    Genetic testing is also starting to be able to determine how well certain weight loss drugs will work for a person, Simonetti said, but she added this is just the beginning.

    “We are talking about three out of 80 mutations that we can treat,” she said. “We are getting better, and the more data we have, I’m hopeful that we are going to do a better job in being more precise in understanding treatment responses.”

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