Category: 8. Health

  • Study reveals altered gut microbiota profiles in elderly patients with acute hepatitis E

    Study reveals altered gut microbiota profiles in elderly patients with acute hepatitis E

    Background and aims

    Gut dysbiosis has been reported in severe liver diseases. However, information on the impact of hepatitis E virus infection on the gut microbiota, and the association between enteric microbiota disturbances and acute hepatitis E (AHE), is limited, particularly in elderly patients with AHE (AHE-elderly). Our objective was to characterize the AHE-specific microbiome in elderly patients and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes.

    Methods

    Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from 58 AHE-elderly patients (46 self-healing cases, 12 non-self-healing cases) and 30 elderly patients with healthy controls (hereinafter referred to as HCs-elderly). Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses, including alpha diversity and STAMP, were performed. The predictive potential of Bacteroides fragilis was assessed using statistical analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves.

    Results

    Alpha diversity indices showed no significant differences in microbial diversity between the AHE-elderly and HCs-elderly groups, nor between self-healing and non-self-healing groups among AHE-elderly patients. Nevertheless, a trend toward altered species richness was observed. In the AHE-elderly group, the relative abundance of FirmicutesLactobacillales, and Bacilli increased significantly. Meanwhile, compared with the self-healing group, Bacteroidetes were more abundant in the non-self-healing group. At the species level, Bacteroides fragilis was the most abundant in the non-self-healing group, significantly contributing to the divergence in gut microbiota between the two groups.

    Conclusions

    Our study reveals significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between elderly patients with AHE and healthy controls. The relative abundances of BacteroidetesLactobacillales, and Bacilli can effectively distinguish AHE patients from HC individuals. Furthermore, the abundance of Bacteroides can differentiate self-healing cases from non-self-healing cases among elderly AHE patients. This study identifies Bacteroides fragilis as a potential biomarker for disease outcomes. Future studies should explore the causal relationships between gut microbiota and HEV infection in larger, longitudinal cohorts.

    Source:

    Journal reference:

    Li, M., et al. (2025). The Gut Microbiota in Elderly Patients with Acute Hepatitis E Infection. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology. doi.org/10.14218/jcth.2025.00111.

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  • Some stomach cancer cases can be prevented by targeting bacteria – NewsNation

    1. Some stomach cancer cases can be prevented by targeting bacteria  NewsNation
    2. Global lifetime estimates of expected and preventable gastric cancers across 185 countries  Nature
    3. A common bacteria could cause 12 million cases of stomach cancer  Euronews.com
    4. Study projects over 15 million people born during 2008-2017 could develop gastric cancer in life  The Hindu
    5. Simple Treatment Could Prevent 75% of Stomach Cancer Cases, Doctors Reveal  NDTV

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  • Sustaining priority services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in a changing funding landscape

    Sustaining priority services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in a changing funding landscape

    Overview

    This operational guidance provides a structured approach to support countries in sustaining priority services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the
    context of reduced external funding. The guidance is intended for national governments, public health programmes, community-led organizations, civil society, technical partners and donors working to safeguard priority services, support phased adaptation, protect
    health outcomes and preserve hard-won gains.

    The publication outlines practical steps to support countries in assessing risks, setting priorities and adapting services and systems. It introduces a stepwise priority-setting framework that organizes services
    into three tiers based on their contribution to achieving national and global health outcomes.

    Related

    Sustaining HIV, hepatitis and STIs services amid declining health aid

    Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes

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  • Bacterial Infections Involved in Certain Pediatric Psoriasis Subtypes, Study Suggests

    Bacterial Infections Involved in Certain Pediatric Psoriasis Subtypes, Study Suggests

    Esteban Fernandez Faith, MD

    Credit: Nationwide Children’s Hospital

    New research is shedding light on the link between bacterial infections and psoriasis in pediatric patients, especially those with guttate or inverse psoriasis.1

    Findings from the multicenter retrospective study suggest pediatric patients with guttate or inverse psoriasis may warrant evaluation for pharyngeal or anogenital bacterial infections—even if asymptomatic. Additionally, while bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were commonly isolated, treating the infection did not significantly alter psoriasis outcomes.1

    A chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease, psoriasis affects approximately 1% of children, with onset most common during adolescence. Although skin involvement often drives patients to seek medical care, recognizing the condition as a potentially multisystem disorder in the context of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for optimizing disease management.2

    “Guttate psoriasis onset and plaque psoriasis flares are associated with streptococcal pharyngitis,” Esteban Fernandez Faith, MD, a pediatric dermatologist, program director of the pediatric dermatology Fellowship at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and an associate professor of pediatrics and dermatology at the Ohio State University College of Medicine and colleagues wrote.1 “Literature regarding the relationship between anogenital bacterial dermatitis and psoriasis in pediatric patients is limited.”

    To address this gap in research, investigators conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients ≤ 18 years of age seen at tertiary referral centers in the United States and Canada with an initial clinical encounter date between January 2011, and January 2021. For inclusion, patients were required to have a diagnosis of psoriasis or psoriasiform dermatitis identified by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes and a microbiological test obtained to evaluate for a pharyngeal or anogenital infection.1

    A total of 166 unique patients with psoriasis/psoriasiform dermatitis and suspected pharyngeal and/or anogenital infection met the inclusion criteria. The average age at initial evaluation was 9.2 ± 4.3 years with a slight female predominance (55%). The majority (66%) of subjects were White.1

    Plaque psoriasis was observed in 49% of patients. Other subtypes of psoriasis seen in this population included guttate (36%), inverse (16%), pustular (4%), nail (4%), and erythrodermic (2%) psoriasis.1

    Investigators noted 57% of patients had ≥ 1 positive culture. In total, 35 patients (21%) had a positive pharyngeal culture only, 53 (32%) had a positive anogenital culture only, and 6 patients (4%) had both positive cultures.1

    Of the 59 patients with any positive anogenital culture, 53% grew Staphylococcus aureus, of which 77% were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and 23% were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, 41% of positive anogenital cultures grew Streptococcus species.1

    Investigators pointed out inverse psoriasis was significantly more common in patients with a positive anogenital culture than in those with a positive pharyngeal culture (adjusted P = .0356) or a negative pharyngeal and/or anogenital culture (adjusted P = .0356). They also noted guttate psoriasis was significantly more common in patients with a positive pharyngeal culture than in patients with a positive anogenital culture (adjusted P <.0001) or patients with a negative pharyngeal and/or anogenital culture (adjusted P = .0037).1

    Of note, treatment of a positive bacterial culture did not correlate with the treatment response of psoriasis/psoriasiform dermatitis.1

    “Pharyngeal and anogenital bacterial infections may be identified in pediatric patients with psoriasis, especially those with guttate and inverse psoriasis, respectively. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are commonly identified pathogens in the anogenital areas of pediatric patients with psoriasis,” investigators concluded.1 “The multicenter design of this study has allowed us to gather and share important knowledge on the largest cohort of patients with an anogenital infection associated with psoriasis to date. Future prospective studies can further clarify the effect of treating a positive anogenital bacterial culture on psoriasis outcomes.”

    References
    1. Ravi M, Cordoro KM, Holland KE, et al. The Association of Psoriasis and Bacterial Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Review. Pediatric Dermatology. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.16007
    2. Menter A, Cordoro KM, Davis DMR, et al. Joint American Academy of Dermatology–National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis in pediatric patients. JAAD. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.049

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  • SimonMed Imaging Launches Advanced AI Mammogram Services for Breast and Heart Health

    SimonMed Imaging Launches Advanced AI Mammogram Services for Breast and Heart Health

    July 7, 2025 — SimonMed Imaging, one of the largest outpatient medical imaging providers in the United States, has launched Mammogram+ and Mammogram+ Heart, two new AI-enhanced mammogram services aimed at improving early detection and advancing preventative care.

    Mammogram+ is SimonMed’s most advanced breast cancer screening to date. By combining two AI technologies with expert breast radiologist review, Mammogram+ is designed to spot cancer earlier and deliver more personalized insights on their breast density, lifetime risk. This service replaces the previous PBCD (Personalized Breast Cancer Detection) program. 

    “At SimonMed Imaging, we’re focused on empowering women with the latest technology to take charge of their health,” said Dr. John Simon, CEO and Founder of SimonMed Imaging. “Mammogram+ and Mammogram+ Heart combine advanced AI to detect breast cancer earlier and identify early signs of heart disease—offering valuable insight into both breast and heart health through a single exam.”

    Building on this new technology in breast health, Mammogram+ Heart enhances standard mammography by incorporating an AI-based assessment of Breast Arterial Calcification (BAC), an emerging clinical marker linked to cardiovascular risk in women. This dual-purpose screening enables detection of both breast cancer and early signs of heart disease in a single appointment.

    Mammogram+ and Mammogram+ Heart are now available at SimonMed locations nationwide that offer mammography services. These are optional add-ons that can be included with a standard screening mammogram. No referral is needed for patients to include either service as part of their regular mammogram.

    “Women deserve the best tools available when it comes to detecting disease early,” said Dr. Angela Fried, Director of Breast Imaging at SimonMed. “With Mammogram+ and Mammogram+ Heart, we’re offering more than a scan—we’re delivering deeper insight, earlier intervention, and more empowered care.” 

    This launch reflects SimonMed’s ongoing mission in AI-driven diagnostics, accessible innovation, and lifesaving screening tools designed around real patient needs. As breast cancer and cardiovascular disease diagnoses continue to rise, these newly added services aim to close the gap in early detection.

    Learn more at www.simonmed.com.


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  • Bascom Palmer Researcher Links Epigenetic Age to Glaucoma Progression

    Bascom Palmer Researcher Links Epigenetic Age to Glaucoma Progression