Modic changes refer to bone marrow and end plate defects visible in MRI scans, first identified in the 1980 s with a prevalence of 22–50% in patients with degenerative involvement of intervertebral discs [20]. An evidence-based narrative…
It’s happened to all of us. You fully charge your smartphone battery because you know you’ll be out for the whole day and, somehow, your battery dies. Your smartphone doesn’t always run out of…







