Blog

adidas and Newcastle United reveal 2025/26 third jersey – a modern tribute to the 1997/98 away kit
- The Newcastle United 2025-26 third jersey introduces the trefoil adidas logo for a contemporary take on a classic
- Blending colours from the iconic 97/98 away kit, the jersey embraces the future of football fashion whilst paying homage to its heritage
- The third kit is available from 1st July via Newcastle United stores, selected adidas retail stores, and online at the official Newcastle United website and https://www.adidas.co.uk/football-jerseys
- Kit to be worn for the first time against Celtic on the 19th July (the first ever adidas Trophy)
A modern tribute to the iconic 97/98 third kit, the jersey features a striking combination of burnt orange and deep green set against a navy backdrop, for a stylish take on a renowned classic and a must-have for fans and collectors.

Welcoming the embroidered trefoil adidas logo, the shirt features a stitched club crest and adidas EQT flat knit collar and cuffs. The kit is completed with navy shorts and socks, accented with signature three-stripe detailing and a clean orange trefoil sign-off for a visual statement.

The 2025/26 Newcastle United third kit will be available for purchase from 9am (BST) on Tuesday 1 July. Fans can shop online at shop.newcastleunited.com and www.adidas.co.uk/football-jerseys, or visit official club stores at St. James’ Park, the Metro Centre, Fenwick Newcastle as well as selected adidas retail locations.

To support the club’s ongoing community efforts, Newcastle United will donate £5 from every adult home, away, third, and goalkeeper shirt sold via the official club website or official NUFC stores before 31 August 2025 to the Newcastle United Foundation.

The initiative will help fund grassroots programmes and social impact projects across the North East.

Peter Silverstone, Chief Commercial Officer, at Newcastle United said: “This third kit is a powerful blend of past and present – a bold design that reflects both our proud history and the exciting journey ahead. Working closely with adidas, we’ve created something that we hope will resonate deeply with our global supporters, bringing back an iconic look with a modern twist.

There’s a real pride in wearing the trefoil – a symbol that connects generations of fans and players. Our passionate global fanbase will see this and wear it with pride, especially as we return to the UEFA Champions League for the second time in three years.

Just as importantly, every adult shirt sold direct from the club contributes directly to our Foundation’s work across the North East, reinforcing our commitment to community impact on and off the pitch.”

adidas said: “For this season’s third kit, we wanted to bring the fans an added level of connection by combining our favourite elements of the iconic 97/98 kit, told through a modern and stylish lens. The intersection between football and fashion is continuously evolving, and this kit celebrates the colliding of these two worlds in a way that honours the club’s identity and togetherness, both in the past and for years to come.”

The on-pitch version of the jersey is constructed using advanced materials including AEROREADY to maximize air flow to keep players feeling cool, while the fan version uses sweat-wicking and absorbent materials to keep the body feeling dry, for lasting comfort on matchdays and beyond.

The 2025/26 third kit will make its debut when Newcastle United take to the pitch during their pre-season fixture against Celtic in the first ever adidas Trophy.
Continue Reading
July 1, 2025
London 2012 tennis courts to make way for padel

BBC

Tennis players are upset their courts will be replaced by padel facilities

Tennis courts built for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games are to be replaced with padel courts in a move that has infuriated tennis players.

The plan is to turn four indoor tennis courts at Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre in north-east London into nine courts for the emerging racquet sport – which is a blend of tennis and squash.

Shawn Dawson, boss of Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, where Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre is, insisted the changes were essential.

A petition against the plan has attracted more than 1,500 signatures.

Mr Dawson said: “We need to make sure these great public assets, these great public Olympic venues are relevant for a wider section of the population.

“So we are very much responding to trends… here we are 13 years on from the Games and we need to make sure these legacy venues continue to deliver.”

Shawn Dawson, boss of Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre, insisted the changes were needed

But the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) called the plans “particularly disappointing”.

It said: “The LTA and Tennis Foundation invested half a million pounds in the original tennis facility which is an important legacy from the London 2012 Paralympics.

“The courts are still heavily used with over 700 children on the programme, 100,000 players accessing the facilities each year, a thriving disability programme and links to local schools.”

Tennis player Kimberly Schreiber said it was “disappointing” there had been no consultation

Tennis player Kimberly Schreiber called the scheme an “insult”.

She said: “What is disappointing is that this decision to replace our indoor courts is that it has been done with no public consultation, and it’s just really an insult to the vibrant and diverse community that this tennis centre supports.”

Wheelchair user Ivan Vershigora said wheelchair tennis was his highlight of the week

Omosuyi Fred-Omojole said: “I understand the perspective of wanting to leverage the growth of padel, it absolutely makes economic sense, but it should not be done at the expense of the existing, thriving, indoor tennis community.”

Wheelchair user Ivan Vershigora said wheelchair tennis was his highlight of the week.

“I feel very sad about them converting the indoor courts to padel because the tennis is like a very fun sport to do, especially if you are in a wheelchair.”

The courts helped Isaac, aged eight, reach national championship standard

Playing outdoors in winter would be difficult because of poor weather, said Mr Vershigora.

He would though, he added, try padel.

The courts helped eight-year-old Isaac reach national championship standard.

He said: “The indoor courts are really important because you can’t really practise in the winter because it is very rainy and cold.”

Omosuyi Fred-Omojole says facilitating the increasing popularity of padel should not be done at the expense of the “thriving tennis community”

The venue has six outdoor tennis courts in addition to the four indoor courts, which will not be affected by the changes.

Mr Dawson said by converting the indoor courts into padel ones, it will mean the centre, which also has two hockey pitches, will be more beneficial to more people.

“We’ll have three sports rather than two, which means more people can get fit, can get well, can meet in a social setting,” he said.

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
CNSA releases images of Earth and Moon by Tianwen-2 from 590,000 km in deep space |
Source: Astronomy Magazine

China’s Tianwen-2 probe has officially begun its deep space mission by capturing a stunning image of Earth and the Moon from 590,000 kilometers away. Released by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on July 1, the image symbolises the start of a decade-long journey to explore a near-Earth asteroid and a distant comet. Launched on May 29, Tianwen-2 will collect samples from asteroid Kamo’oalewa by 2027 and later investigate comet 311P/PANSTARRS. This dual-target mission marks a significant step forward for China’s space program, aiming to unlock key secrets about the origin of the Moon, water, and life.

Tianwen-2 probe: Earth-Moon images from deep space released by CNSA

The stunning photo was taken on May 30, 2025, when Tianwen-2 was nearly 590,000 kilometers away from Earth. The picture beautifully frames Earth and its natural satellite, the Moon, together in the vast darkness of space. This image was captured using the spacecraft’s narrow-field-of-view navigation sensor, an instrument designed to help the spacecraft maintain its orientation and enable precise autonomous navigation.This camera plays a critical role in guiding Tianwen-2 through deep space, allowing it to operate independently from ground control while maintaining stability during its long voyage.

Source: CNSA

Source: CNSA

Tianwen-2 marks milestone with over 12 million km travelled since May 29 launch

As of July 1, 2025, CNSA reports that Tianwen-2 is operating smoothly. As reported, the Tianwen-2 probe has been in orbit for 33 days with a distance of 12 million kilometres since its May 29 launch from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center aboard a Long March 3B rocket. Its successful performance in this early stage builds confidence in its ability to complete its complex multi-target mission.This probe is part of China’s broader space strategy to expand its scientific reach beyond the Moon and Mars, pushing boundaries into asteroid and comet exploration—domains previously dominated by NASA, ESA, and JAXA.

Tianwen-2 heads toward Kamo’oalewa; a mysterious near-Earth asteroid

Tianwen-2 is heading toward Kamo’oalewa, a small near-Earth asteroid that orbits the Sun in a path similar to Earth’s. What makes this asteroid particularly intriguing is the hypothesis that it might be a fragment of the Moon, dislodged by a massive impact event in the distant past.Upon arrival in 2026, the spacecraft will conduct detailed investigations, including:
Surface imaging and mapping

Material composition analysis

Landing and sample collection
The samples will then be returned to Earth by 2027, providing researchers with rare, untouched material from a near-Earth object—potentially from the Moon’s ancient past.

Tianwen-2 to explore mysterious comet after asteroid sample return

Tianwen-2’s mission doesn’t end after the asteroid sample returns. It will be re-tasked to study the comet 311P/PANSTARRS, known for its active tail and mysterious dust ejection events. This phase of the mission could begin shortly after the asteroid visit and will involve:
Close flybys of the comet’s nucleus

Observations of gas and dust activity

Analysis of chemical composition
Scientists hope this exploration could provide vital clues about the origin of Earth’s water and organic molecules, helping to answer one of science’s oldest questions—how life-supporting ingredients arrived on our planet.

Tianwen-2 sets a new standard with 10-year asteroid-to-comet space voyage

According to The Astronomy Magazine, the Tianwen-2 mission is planned to last more than 10 years, making it one of the longest and most scientifically rich deep-space missions in China’s history. Its dual-phase nature—first targeting an asteroid, then a comet—requires exceptional engineering and mission planning.This strategy mirrors the complexity and ambition of missions like NASA’s OSIRIS-REx and ESA’s Rosetta, but with a uniquely Chinese twist: combining asteroid sample return and comet observation into a single, seamless voyage.Also Read | NASA alert! 120-foot airplane-sized asteroid 2025 MM to make closest flyby on Earth today; should we be concerned
Continue Reading
July 1, 2025
Balochistan PA Speaker calls on Ayaz Sadiq

ISLAMABAD – ISLAMABAD: Speaker Balochistan Assembly Captain (Retd) Abdul Khaliq Khan Achakzai on Monday called on Speaker National Assembly Sardar Ayaz Sadiq.

The meeting focused on fostering inter-parliamentary cooperation as a means to address the country’s key political and economic challenges.

Both dignitaries exchanged views on enhancing institutional collaboration between the National Assembly and the Balochistan Assembly.

The NA Speaker emphasised that sustained coordination among federal and provincial legislatures is essential to strengthening democratic governance and ensuring effective policymaking.

He highlighted Balochistan’s strategic role in Pakistan’s development and reaffirmed that inclusive progress cannot be achieved without the active participation of provincial assemblies.

He assured his Balochistan counterpart of the National Assembly’s full support in reinforcing the institutional effectiveness of the Balochistan Assembly, including initiatives aimed at legislative training, research, and procedural development.

Speaker Balochistan Assembly Captain (Retd) Abdul Khaliq Khan Achakzai underlined the importance of regular interaction between lawmakers across assemblies to share best practices, promote mutual understanding, and enhance legislative performance. He noted that inter-parliamentary engagement is key to building national unity and ensuring a coordinated approach to governance.

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
Elon Musk’s xAI raises $10 billion in debt and equity

Elon Musk announced his new company xAI, which he says has the goal to understand the true nature of the universe.

Jaap Arriens | Nurphoto | Getty Images

XAI, the artificial intelligence startup run by Elon Musk, raised a combined $10 billion in debt and equity, Morgan Stanley said.

Half of that sum was clinched through secured notes and term loans, while a separate $5 billion was secured through strategic equity investment, the bank said on Monday.

The funding gives xAI more firepower to build out infrastructure and develop its Grok AI chatbot as it looks to compete with bitter rival OpenAI, as well as with a swathe of other players including Amazon-backed Anthropic.

In May, Musk told CNBC that xAI has already installed 200,000 graphics processing units (GPUs) at its Colossus facility in Memphis, Tennessee. Colossus is xAI’s supercomputer that trains the firm’s AI. Musk at the time said that his company will continue buying chips from semiconductor giants Nvidia and AMD and that xAI is planning a 1-million-GPU facility outside of Memphis.

Addressing the latest funds raised by the company, Morgan Stanley that “the proceeds will support xAI’s continued development of cutting-edge AI solutions, including one of the world’s largest data center and its flagship Grok platform.”

xAI continues to release updates to Grok and unveiled the Grok 3 AI model in February. Musk has sought to boost the use of Grok by integrating the AI model with the X social media platform, formerly known as Twitter. In March, xAI acquired X in a deal that valued the site at $33 billion and the AI firm at $80 billion. It’s unclear if the new equity raise has changed that valuation.

xAI was not immediately available for comment.

Last year, xAI raised $6 billion at a valuation of $50 billion, CNBC reported.

Morgan Stanley said the latest debt offering was “oversubscribed and included prominent global debt investors.”

Competition among American AI startups is intensifying, with companies raising huge amounts of funding to buy chips and build infrastructure.

OpenAI in March closed a $40 billion financing round that valued the ChatGPT developer at $300 billion. Its big investors include Microsoft and Japan’s SoftBank.

Anthropic, the developer of the Claude chatbot, closed a funding round in March that valued the firm at $61.5 billion. The company then received a five-year $2.5 billion revolving credit line in May.

Musk has called Grok a “maximally truth-seeking” AI that is also “anti-woke,” in a bid to set it apart from its rivals. But this has not come without its fair share of controversy. Earlier this year, Grok responded to user queries with unrelated comments about the controversial topic of “white genocide” and South Africa.

Musk has also clashed with fellow AI leaders, including OpenAI’s Sam Altman. Most famously, Musk claimed that OpenAI, which he co-founded, has deviated from its original mission of developing AI to benefit humanity as a nonprofit and is instead focused on commercial success. In February, Musk alongside a group of investors, put in a bid of $97.4 billion to buy control of OpenAI. Altman swiftly rejected the offer.

— CNBC’s Lora Kolodny and Jonathan Vanian contributed to this report.

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
Microsoft Takes Its First Step to Make VS Code an Open-Source AI Editor

Microsoft has taken its first concrete step towards making Visual Studio Code an open-source AI editor by open-sourcing the GitHub Copilot Chat extension under the MIT license. The company announced the milestone on June 30 via the VS Code team’s blog, calling it a move toward transparency, extensibility, and developer-centric AI tooling.

The newly open-sourced code reveals how Copilot Chat handles agent mode, context engineering, and telemetry. According to the blog post, “Everything, from our system prompts, implementation details, to the telemetry we capture, is available in all transparency.” Contributions and feedback from developers are welcome on GitHub, with the long-term goal of integrating this extension into the core VS Code codebase.

The announcement follows Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella’s keynote at Build 2025, where he confirmed the company’s commitment to AI-powered development. “This is a big deal. We will integrate these AI-powered capabilities directly into the core of VS Code, bringing them into the same open source repo that powers the world’s most loved dev tool,” said Nadella.

Erich Gamma, creator of VS Code, reinforced the motivation by highlighting that some organisations really don’t like closed-source IDEs, and for them, VS Code would be a great choice. The company will also open-source its prompt testing infrastructure to support third-party extension developers.

This strategic shift comes amid growing demand for openness in developer tooling. According to Microsoft, the rapid advancement in LLMs and the convergence of best practices across AI coding UIs have reduced the need for proprietary techniques.

While the GitHub Copilot extension for inline completions remains closed, Microsoft plans to bring that functionality into the open-sourced Chat extension in the coming months.

The move invites comparison with AI-first VS Code forks, such as Cursor and Windsurf, both valued in billions. “Is it just me or is it kinda funny that OpenAI bought Windsurf for $3B and then Microsoft just open-sourced Copilot,” quipped a user on X.

Whether it’s community-driven extensibility or agentic DevOps, Microsoft appears ready to reshape how developers interact with AI, on their own terms, and increasingly in the open.

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
S&P Dow Jones Indices Collaborates with Centrifuge to Bring the S&P 500 Index Onchain, Expanding Access to the World’s Most Widely Recognized Benchmark

S&P Dow Jones Indices Collaborates with Centrifuge to Bring the S&P 500 Index Onchain, Expanding Access to the World’s Most Widely Recognized Benchmark

NEW YORK, July 1, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — S&P Dow Jones Indices (“S&P DJI”), the world’s leading index provider, today announced its plans to collaborate with Centrifuge, a decentralized infrastructure provider specializing in real-world asset (RWA) integration, to enter the fund tokenization space by licensing the S&P 500 Index. This initiative extends the reach of the S&P 500 into onchain investment products and protocols.

For 125 years and counting, S&P DJI’s indices have provided a liquid foundation for increased adoption of index-based investing around the world. By licensing Centrifuge to provide exposure and bring the S&P 500 Index onchain, a blockchain-native investment vehicle will for the first time be built, governed, and accessed directly through Centrifuge’s RWA infrastructure, rather than via traditional brokerages. Anemoy Capital, a web3 native asset manager powered by Centrifuge, has been licensed by S&P DJI along with Janus Henderson, a leading global asset manager, as the sub-advisor for the fund, to offer the Janus Henderson Anemoy S&P 500 Index Fund Segregated Portfolio, which is planned to launch later this year subject to regulatory approval.

“At S&P Dow Jones Indices, our mission is to bring trusted benchmarks to every investor, today and tomorrow. Today’s announcement places The 500™ at the forefront of index tokenization and real-world asset integration and brings the innovation of decentralized infrastructure to the most iconic financial index in the world,” said Cameron Drinkwater, Chief Product Officer at S&P Dow Jones Indices. “Our collaboration with Centrifuge enables investors to gain direct exposure to the S&P 500 Index –– within a blockchain ecosystem that supports liquidity, transparency and interoperability. The potential from here – real-time, programmable, automated and 24/7 indexed portfolio solutions – is incredibly exciting.”

This collaboration combines S&P DJI’s premiere S&P 500 Index and unmatched index data quality with Centrifuge’s blockchain technology to create one of the first digital tokens that represents exposure to the S&P 500 Index. The digital tokens can then be owned, used and transferred through the blockchain, initially providing access to a broader range of market participants. In the future, by licensing S&P DJI’s indices to be embedded directly into DeFi protocols, other tokenized assets and compliant digital investment platforms can provide equal market access and choice to blockchain-native investors and those without access to traditional investment products.

“Bringing the S&P 500 Index onchain is more than a technical milestone, it represents a shift in how institutional portfolios can be constructed and accessed. For the first time, the world’s most trusted benchmark is available through open, transparent, and programmable infrastructure. At Centrifuge and Anemoy, our focus is to establish ‘onchain indices,’ as a core category of onchain asset allocation, bringing institutional-grade products to a decentralized financial system. We are proud to collaborate with S&P Dow Jones Indices and look forward to what this unlocks for the future of onchain finance,” said Anil Sood, Chief Strategy and Growth Officer at Centrifuge and Co-Founder of Anemoy.

The introduction of tokenization further expands S&P DJI’s existing portfolio of digital asset initiatives, which includes its cryptocurrency indices, ranging from single-coin indices to multi-asset solutions. S&P DJI’s diverse offering is designed to provide choice for market participants looking to effectively navigate the growing DeFi and digital asset space.

For more information about S&P Dow Jones Indices, please visit https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/.

S&P Global’s digital asset capabilities support transparency and informed decision-making at the intersection of decentralized innovation and traditional finance. To learn more about S&P Global’s DeFi initiatives please click here.

For more information about Centrifuge, please visit https://centrifuge.io/.

ABOUT S&P DOW JONES INDICES

S&P Dow Jones Indices is the largest global resource for essential index-based concepts, data and research, and home to iconic financial market indicators, such as the S&P 500^® and the Dow Jones Industrial Average^®. More assets are invested in products based on our indices than products based on indices from any other provider in the world. Since Charles Dow invented the first index in 1884, S&P DJI has been innovating and developing indices across the spectrum of asset classes helping to define the way investors measure and trade the markets.

S&P Dow Jones Indices is a division of S&P Global (NYSE: SPGI), which provides essential intelligence for individuals, companies, and governments to make decisions with confidence. For more information, visit https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/.

The S&P 500 Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC or its affiliates (“S&P DJI), and has been licensed for use by Anemoy Capital Ltd. (“Anemoy”) and k-f dev AG (“Centrifuge”). S&P®, S&P 500®, SPX®, SPY®, US 500™, The 500™, iBoxx®, iTraxx® and CDX® are trademarks of S&P Global, Inc. or its affiliates (“S&P”); Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”); and these trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P DJI and sublicensed for certain purposes by Anemoy and Centrifuge. Funds based on the S&P 500 are not sponsored or sold by S&P DJI, Dow Jones, S&P, their respective affiliates and none of such parties make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such products nor do they have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of the S&P 500 Index.

FOR MORE INFORMATION:

Silke Mcguinness
Global Head of Communications
(+1) 415 205 8414
silke.mcguinness@spglobal.com

Alyssa Augustyn
Americas Communications
(+1) 773 919 4732
alyssa.augustyn@spglobal.com

Asti Michou
EMEA Communications
+44 (0) 79 70 887 863
asti.michou@spglobal.com

SOURCE S&P Dow Jones Indices

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
New Quantum Material Could Make Electronics 1000x Faster

Register for free to listen to this article

Thank you. Listen to this article using the player above. ✖

Want to listen to this article for FREE?

Complete the form below to unlock access to ALL audio articles.

Researchers at Northeastern University have discovered how to change the electronic state of matter on demand, a breakthrough that could make electronics 1,000 times faster and more efficient.

By switching from insulating to conducting and vice versa, the discovery creates the potential to replace silicon components in electronics with exponentially smaller and faster quantum materials.

“Processors work in gigahertz right now,” said Alberto de la Torre, assistant professor of physics and lead author of the research. “The speed of change that this would enable would allow you to go to terahertz.”

Via controlled heating and cooling, a technique they call “thermal quenching,” researchers are able to make a quantum material switch between a metal conductive state and an insulating state. These states can be reversed instantly using the same technique.

Published in the journal Nature Physics, the research findings represent a breakthrough for materials scientists and the future of electronics: instant control over whether a material conducts or insulates electricity.

The effect is like a transistor switching electronic signals. And just as transistors allowed computers to become smaller — from the huge machines the size of rooms to the phone in your pocket — control over quantum materials has the potential to transform electronics, says Gregory Fiete, a professor of physics at Northeastern who worked with de la Torre to interpret the findings.

“Everyone who has ever used a computer encounters a point where they wish something would load faster,” says Fiete. “There’s nothing faster than light, and we’re using light to control material properties at essentially the fastest possible speed that’s allowed by physics.”

By shining light on a quantum material called 1T-TaS₂ at close to room temperature, researchers achieved a “hidden metallic state” that had so far only been stable at cryogenically cold temperatures. Now researchers have created that conductive metallic state at more practical temperatures, says de la Torre. The material maintains its programmed state for months — something that has never been accomplished before.

“One of the grand challenges is, how do you control material properties at will?” says Fiete. “What we’re shooting for is the highest level of control over material properties. We want it to do something very fast, with a very certain outcome, because that’s the sort of thing that can be then exploited in a device.”

So far, electronic devices have needed both conductive and insulating materials, plus a well-engineered interface between the two. This discovery makes it possible to use just one material that can be controlled with light to conduct and then insulate.

“We eliminate one of the engineering challenges by putting it all into one material,” Fiete says. “And we replace the interface with light within a wider range of temperatures.”

The research expands upon previous work that used ultra-fast laser pulses to temporarily change the way materials conduct electricity. But those changes only lasted tiny fractions of a second and usually at extremely cold temperatures.

Stable conductivity switching at higher temperatures is a significant advance for quantum mechanics, Fiete says, and for the long game of supplementing or replacing silicon-based technology. Semiconductors, he says, are so dense with logic components that engineers are now stacking them in three dimensions. But this approach has limitations, he said, which make tiny quantum materials more important for electronics design.

“We’re at a point where in order to get amazing enhancements in information storage or the speed of operation, we need a new paradigm,” Fiete says. “Quantum computing is one route for handling this and another is to innovate in materials. That’s what this work is really about.”

Reference: De La Torre A, Wang Q, Masoumi Y, et al. Dynamic phase transition in 1T-TaS2 via a thermal quench. Nat Phys. 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41567-025-02938-1

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. Our press release publishing policy can be accessed here.

Continue Reading

July 1, 2025
A network analysis of the depression and anxiety comorbidity: a nationwide survey among Chinese adolescents during the normalization phase of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control | BMC Psychiatry
Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, et al. Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: A rapid systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3432.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Seligman LD, Ollendick TH. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: an integrative review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 1998;1(2):125–44.

CAS
PubMed

Google Scholar
Cummings CM, Caporino NE, Kendall PC. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: 20 years after. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(3):816–45.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Konac D, Young KS, Lau J, Barker ED. Comorbidity between depression and anxiety in adolescents: Bridge symptoms and relevance of risk and protective factors. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2021;43(3):583–96.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Choi KW, Kim YK, Jeon HJ. Comorbid anxiety and depression: clinical and conceptual consideration and transdiagnostic treatment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1191:219–35.

CAS
PubMed

Google Scholar
Cramer AO, Waldorp LJ, van der Maas HL, Borsboom D. Comorbidity: a network perspective. Behav Brain Sci. 2010;33(2–3):137–93.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Borsboom D, Cramer AO. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:91–121.

PubMed

Google Scholar
He Y, Wu C, LeMoult J, Huang J, Zhao Y, Liang K, et al. Exploring symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression across developmental stages of adolescence: a network analysis approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):941.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Cai H, Bai W, Liu H, Chen X, Qi H, Liu R, et al. Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):98.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Liu R, Chen X, Qi H, Feng Y, Su Z, Cheung T, et al. Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during and after the COVID-19 outbreak peak. J Affect Disord. 2022;301:463–71.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Liu D, Yu M, Zhang X, Cui J, Yang H. Adolescent anxiety and depression: perspectives of network analysis and longitudinal network analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):619.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Wang Y, Li Z, Cao X. Investigating the network structure and causal relationships among Bridge symptoms of comorbid depression and anxiety: A bayesian network analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2024;80(6):1271–85.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Zou H, Gao J, Wu W, Huo L, Zhang W. Which comes first? Comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms: A cross-lagged network analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2024;360:117339.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Xue S, Lu A, Chen W, Li J, Ke X, An Y. A latent profile analysis and network analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese widowed elderly. J Affect Disord. 2024;366:172–80.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Zhang P, Wang L, Zhou Q, Dong X, Guo Y, Wang P, et al. A network analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese disabled elderly. J Affect Disord. 2023;333:535–42.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Yohannes AM, Murri MB, Hanania NA, Regan EA, Iyer A, Bhatt SP, et al. COPDGene investigators. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with COPD: A network analysis. Respir Med. 2022;198:106865.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Tang Q, Wang R, Niu H, Li Y, Li Y, Hu Z, et al. Mapping network connection and direction among symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic gastritis. Psych J. 2024;13(5):824–34.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Ren L, Wang Y, Wu L, Wei Z, Cui LB, Wei X, et al. Network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese female nursing students. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):279.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Sun HL, Zhao YJ, Sha S, Li XH, Si TL, Liu YF, et al. Depression and anxiety among caregivers of psychiatric patients during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective from network analysis. J Affect Disord. 2024;344:33–40.

PubMed

Google Scholar
van Borkulo C, Boschloo L, Borsboom D, Penninx BW, Waldorp LJ, Schoevers RA. Association of symptom network structure with the course of depression. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(12):1219–26.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Wang S, Hou W, Tao Y, Ma Z, Li K, Wang Y, et al. Mapping network connection among symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese high school students. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1015166.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Wang Z, Yang H, Elhai JD. Are there gender differences in comorbidity symptoms networks of problematic social media use, anxiety and depression symptoms? Evidence from network analysis. Pers Indiv Differ. 2022;195:111705.

Google Scholar
Li K, Ren L, Zhang L, Liu C, Zhao M, Zhan X, et al. Social anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese left-behind children after the lifting of COVID-19 lockdown: A network analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023;69(4):916–27.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Altemus M, Sarvaiya N, Neill Epperson C. Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014;35(3):320–30.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Bangasser DA, Cuarenta A. Sex differences in anxiety and depression: circuits and mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021;22(11):674–84.

CAS
PubMed

Google Scholar
Epskamp S, Borsboom D, Fried EI. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behav Res Methods. 2018;50(1):195–212.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Shang B, Wang Y, Luo C, Lv F, Wu J, Shao X. Core and Bridge symptoms in self-perceived aging, depression, and anxiety among the elderly with multiple chronic conditions in Chinese communities: a network analysis perspective. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):859.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–7.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Borsboom D. A network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):5–13.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Epskamp S, Cramer AO, Waldorp LJ, Schmittmann VD, Borsboom D. Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. J Stat Softw. 2012;48(4):1–18.

Google Scholar
Bassi G, Mancinelli E, Salcuni S, Gori A, Musetti A. Failure in reflective functioning as a key factor in the association between problematic social networking sites use, attachment and childhood maltreatment: A network analysis approach on gender differences. Dev Psychopathol. 2023;1–9.
Jones PJ, Ma R, McNally RJ. Bridge centrality: A network approach to Understanding comorbidity. Multivar Behav Res. 2021;56(2):353–67.

Google Scholar
Jones PJ, Mair P, McNally RJ. Visualizing psychological networks: A tutorial in R. Front Psychol. 2018;9:1742.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Lo Buglio G, Pontillo M, Cerasti E, Polari A, Schiano Lomoriello A, Vicari S, et al. A network analysis of anxiety, depressive, and psychotic symptoms and functioning in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1016154.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
van Borkulo CD, van Bork R, Boschloo L, Kossakowski JJ, Tio P, Schoevers RA, et al. Comparing network structures on three aspects: A permutation test. Psychol Methods. 2023;28(6):1273–85.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Liu CH, Stevens C, Wong SHM, Yasui M, Chen JA. The prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses and suicide among U.S. College students: implications for addressing disparities in service use. Depress Anxiety. 2019;36(1):8–17.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Wang RQ, Wei RF, Zhang LT, Huang N, Wei QZ, Peng YY. Study on the comorbidity state of anxiety and depression among medical undergraduates and postgraduates. China Continuing Med Educ. 2019;11(18):57–9.

Google Scholar
Cénat JM, Dromer E, Mistry S, Villarreal DG, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Dalexis RD, et al. Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety-depression symptoms among adolescents in Ebola-affected zones. BJPsych Open. 2023;9(6):e196.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Cavanagh D, Hart LM, Basden S, Lu S, Reavley N. Prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in bermuda, according to age, gender and race. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-025-02829-z

Article
PubMed

Google Scholar
Catling JC, Bayley A, Begum Z, Wardzinski C, Wood A. Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in a UK student sample. BMC Psychol. 2022;10(1):118.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Beard C, Millner AJ, Forgeard MJ, Fried EI, Hsu KJ, Treadway MT, et al. Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample. Psychol Med. 2016;46(16):3359–69.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.

Google Scholar
Andreescu C, Lenze EJ, Dew MA, Begley AE, Mulsant BH, Dombrovski AY, et al. Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;190:344–9.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Wei Z, Ren L, Wang X, Liu C, Cao M, Hu M, et al. Network of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2021;175:106696.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Bai W, Xi HT, Zhu Q, Ji M, Zhang H, Yang BX, et al. Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord. 2021;294:753–60.

CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
McElroy E, Fearon P, Belsky J, Fonagy P, Patalay P. Networks of depression and anxiety symptoms across development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;57(12):964–73.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Lu G, Zhu L, Huang R, Lai P, Wang C. The association between adaptability and the symptoms of depression and anxiety in early adolescents: a network analysis in a longitudinal design. BMC Psychiatry. 2025;25(1):117.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Winarsunu T, Iswari Azizaha BS, Fasikha SS, Anwar Z. Life skills training: can it increases self esteem and reduces student anxiety? Heliyon. 2023;9(4):e15232.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Werner AM, Tibubos AN, Rohrmann S, Reiss N. The clinical trait self-criticism and its relation to psychopathology: A systematic review – Update. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:530–47.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Zhang Z, Qiu A, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yuan L, Yi J, et al. Gender differences in the mental symptom network of high school students in shanghai, china: a network analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2719.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Liu S, Ren H, Li Y, Liu Y, Fu S, Han ZR. Gender difference in the onset of adolescent depressive symptoms: A Cross-Lagged panel network analysis. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025;53(1):113–23.

CAS
PubMed

Google Scholar
Kim HJ, Lee SH, Pae C. Gender differences in anxiety and depressive symptomatology determined by network analysis in panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2023;337:94–103.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Su Z, Yang X, Hou J, Liu S, Wang Y, Chen Z. Gender differences in the co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among early adolescents: A network approach. J Psychiatr Res. 2024;179:300–5.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Wang W, Wang J, Zhang X, Pei Y, Tang J, Zhu Y, et al. Network connectivity between anxiety, depressive symptoms and psychological capital in Chinese university students during the COVID-19 campus closure. J Affect Disord. 2023;329:11–8.

PubMed
PubMed Central

Google Scholar
Li W, Zhao N, Yan X, Xu X, Zou S, Wang H, et al. Network analysis of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptoms, insomnia, pain, and fatigue in clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2022;35(2):196–205.

PubMed

Google Scholar
Isvoranu AM, Epskamp S, Cheung MW. Network models of posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. J Abnorm Psychol. 2021;130(8):841–61.

PubMed

Google Scholar