Category: 6. Health

Introduction

Bacterial biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms embedded within a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that confers protection against environmental stresses, antibiotics, and host immune responses.

Introduction

An acute attack of cerebral blood circulation disorders is a stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident.¹ Stroke is caused by various circumstances, especially cerebral vascular stenosis, obstruction, or sudden rupture, which…

Introduction

Multimorbidity is known as the co-existence of two or more chronic illnesses in one person.¹ Having multiple conditions is quite common, and such multimorbidity has been rising in prevalence over the years.¹ The global prevalence of…

South Africa aims to become the first African country to manufacture a cholera vaccine with the launch this week of a clinical trial of an oral vaccine developed by local company Biovac.

The vaccine…

Introduction

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health concern, with approximately 300 million people chronically infected worldwide and over 800,000 deaths annually attributed to HBV-related liver disease…

Scientists at Stanford Medicine have unveiled what they describe as a landmark finding in lupus research: the central role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in initiating the immune response that causes the condition. EBV, a member of the…

Although penile cancer represents less than 1% of male malignancies, it carries substantial physical and psychological burden, with a five-year survival rate near 50%. Around half of Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) cases are…

The current kidney transplant waitlisting criterion is based on a single measurement of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≤20 ml/min/1.73m2) and does not consider an individual’s risk of progressing…

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect various organs throughout the body, with pulmonary TB being the most common and posing a serious threat to human health.^1,2…

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The most commonly affected areas are the ileum, rectum, and colon. Clinically, IBD is marked by symptoms such as…