Category: 3. Business

Cost of commuting rises as govt hikes fuel prices

People wait for their turn to get fuel at a petrol station in Peshawar. Photo: Reuters/ File

The federal government has increased the price of petrol by Rs5 per litre and high-speed diesel by Rs7.32 per litre for the next fortnight, according to a notification issued by the Petroleum Division late on Sunday night.

Petrol has been raised by Rs5 per litre, taking the price from Rs253.17 to Rs258.17 per litre.

High-speed diesel (HSD) has been increased by Rs7.32 per litre and now costs Rs275.70 per litre, up from the previous Rs268.38.

The notification further stated that the revised prices take effect immediately from February 16 and will remain in force for the next fortnight.

Fuel prices in Pakistan are reviewed fortnightly and are influenced by changes in international oil prices, exchange rate fluctuations, and domestic tax adjustments. Diesel prices are of particular concern as HSD is widely used in transport, agriculture, and power generation, meaning increases often have a direct impact on inflation and the cost of essential goods.

On February 1, in its fortnightly review, the federal government had reduced the price of high-speed diesel by Rs14 per litre from Rs282.38 to Rs268.38 per litre for the next 15 days, while keeping petrol prices unchanged at Rs253.17 per litre.

Earlier, sources had said the price of petrol might rise by Rs4.39 per litre, while high-speed diesel was likely to see an increase of Rs5.40 per litre.

Continue Reading

February 15, 2026

A Pioneering Model in Northern Vietnam

Positioned as Vietnam’s commerce gateway, Hai Phong is poised to lead changes in investment, logistics, and institutional reform in northern Vietnam. After administrative restructuring in mid-2025, Hai Phong City and Hai Duong province merged to form a larger, unified Hai Phong City, significantly expanding its scale.

Find Business Support

By blending the distinct strengths of Hai Phong and Hai Duong, the new administrative unit can fully leverage its competitive advantages. While Hai Duong was an important center for both industry and agriculture production, Hai Phong plays a crucial role in national defense, industrialization, and economic modernization, serving as a key hub for industry, trade, and logistics.

This consolidation combines historical significance with a strategic transformation to drive the next stage of development in the Red River Delta.

After the merger: A larger, unified administrative and economic footprint

The post-merger Hai Phong City covers a total area of 3,194.72 km² and has a combined population of over 4.7 million, making it one of Vietnam’s largest municipal economies in terms of both population and land area.

Early implementation results show faster administrative procedures, higher on-time project deployment rates, and stronger coordination between city and district agencies, supporting industrial and urban growth. After seven consecutive years ranked among the top 10 nationwide, Hai Phong rose to first place in the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) in 2025, marking a significant milestone in the city’s governance and business-environment reform efforts.

Hai Phong now leads the national rankings across four major governance and sustainability indicators, including:

Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI);
Public Administration Reform Index (PAR Index);
Satisfaction Index of Public Administrative Services (SIPAS) 2024; and
Provincial Green Index.

Category hi	Key information
Merger scope	Hai Phong City and Hai Duong Province
Total area	3,195 km²
Current population	Over 4 million people
Administrative structure	114 commune-level units (67 wards, 45 communes, 2 special zone)
GRDP	US$29.4 billion
GRDP per capita	US$7,944.5
Newly licensed investment projects	37 projects; US$3.09 billion total capital
State budget revenue	US$7.21 billion
Key infrastructure projects	Lach Huyen International Deep-Water Port (handling vessels up to 18,000 TEU, six berths in operation); Nam Dinh Vu Port (capacity over 600,000 TEU/year); Nam Do Son International Transshipment Port; Hanoi–Hai Phong Expressway (six lanes); Tan Vu–Lach Huyen Bridge (over 5 km, Southeast Asia’s longest sea-crossing bridge); Cat Bi International Airport; Kunming–Lao Cai–Hanoi–Hai Phong railway; and Inland waterway network with nine major corridors.

Strategic planning and special support

To support Hai Phong’s transformative growth, Vietnam’s National Assembly approved Resolution No. 226/2025/QH15 in June 2025. Effective July 1, 2025, this resolution introduces pilot special mechanisms and policies to unlock the city’s development potential and boost its competitiveness nationally.

Enhanced investment management authority

The People’s Committee of Hai Phong is empowered to approve investment decisions for large port and marine infrastructure projects with a capital of VND 2.3 trillion (US$88.85 million) or more without needing prior Prime Minister approval.
The city can also adjust investment approvals for such port-related projects that were previously sanctioned at the central level.
These procedures follow provincial investment approval standards, shortening administrative timelines for major logistics and port developments.

Retained local revenue from inland transport infrastructure

Hai Phong will retain 100 percent of the fee and charge revenues collected from national inland waterways and inland ports within its territory.
The city is authorized to use these funds, alongside state budget and other lawful financing, to invest in, maintain, and operate inland waterways and inland port systems, strengthening the logistics base for industrial and export activities.

Free Trade Zone with superior incentives

Resolution 226 mandates the establishment of a Hai Phong Free Trade Zone (FTZ) with enhanced policy instruments designed to attract FDI and global firms, including:
- Preferential corporate income tax rates (expected within the FTZ framework);
- Visa exemptions and long-term temporary residence permits (up to 10 years) for foreign experts, scientists, highly skilled personnel, and their immediate families;
- Simplified investment and business procedures tailored to international investors.
The FTZ is positioned as a strategic platform for export-oriented industries and international trade expansion.

See also: Hai Phong Free Trade Zone: Implementation, Incentives and Opportunities

Preferential tax and residence incentives for talent

Find Business Support

Resolution 226 includes a 10-year personal income tax reduction (50 percent) for experts, scientists, specialists, managers, and highly skilled workers with salary income in approved industrial and economic zones (including the FTZ).
Visa and residency policy flexibility is also extended to family members, making Hai Phong more attractive for foreign professionals and global talent mobility.

Financial and budget authority

The city can borrow through local government bonds and other financing channels (domestic and re-lent foreign loans) up to a defined limit tied to retained budget revenue, enabling more proactive capital mobilization for infrastructure and industrial development (subject to legal limits).

Infrastructure and industrial ecosystem highlights

Hai Phong’s competitive edge continues to rely on its multi-modal transport infrastructure and strategic function as a gateway connecting northern Vietnam to both domestic and international markets.

The city’s transport network, covering sea, road, rail, inland waterways, and air, is being developed in a coordinated manner, with transportation prioritized to strengthen Hai Phong’s logistics, industrial, and export potential.

Seaport system

Hai Phong is home to one of Vietnam’s most advanced deep-water port systems. Key highlights include:

Lach Huyen International Port: With six deep-water berths now in operation, including berths 3 through 6 brought into service in 2025, the port can handle some of the largest container vessels in the global fleet. This has contributed to Hai Phong Port’s ranking among the world’s top 30 busiest container ports.
Nam Dinh Vu Port: Supports additional capacity in container handling (over 600,000 TEU annually) and bulk cargo, strengthening the seaport complex.
Nam Do Son Port: Planned as a future international transshipment hub to further enhance the city’s maritime throughput and logistics reach.

Land connectivity

Hai Phong’s land transport connectivity continues to improve through significant infrastructure investments aimed at easing movement within the city and strengthening links with regional markets:

Hanoi – Hai Phong Expressway (CT.04): A controlled-access highway connecting Hai Phong with Hanoi and key economic corridors, supporting efficient cargo flows to the capital region.
Road expansion and new interchanges: The city is actively investing in urban and regional road projects, including bypass roads, ring roads, arterial routes, and major bridge projects. These help unlock industrial zones, improve traffic flow, and reduce bottlenecks.
Strategic future corridors: Hai Phong has outlined key transport projects for 2026-2030, such as a part of the Ninh Bình – Hai Phong Expressway (CT.08), connections with coastal routes, and extra city bypass links, all aimed at boosting regional connectivity and economic growth.

Air cargo and airport expansion

Cat Bi International Airport serves as Hai Phong’s principal aviation gateway, handling both domestic and international passenger flights, and laying the groundwork for increased air cargo capacity. Key ongoing developments include:

Passenger Terminal T2 expansion;
Enlarged aircraft aprons; and
A dedicated cargo terminal facility under construction to support logistics and freight growth.

Industrial land and cluster development

Find Business Support

Hai Phong continues to build out industrial and logistics clusters that leverage its location and transport advantages:

The Dinh Vu – Cat Hai Economic Zone remains the city’s core industrial land bank (22,540 ha), focusing on export-oriented manufacturing and port-linked production.
Expansion projects in the southern coastal zone, including multi-thousand-billion-dong industrial developments, are underway to modernize infrastructure, attract investors, and support sectoral diversification.

FDI profile and sectors likely to benefit

Export growth and trade orientation

The merged city continues to operate a robust, export-driven economy, underpinned by deep-water port infrastructure, expressway connectivity, and integrated industrial zones that enable efficient access to global markets. In 2025, Hai Phong recorded strong economic momentum, with export turnover reaching approximately US$50.14 billion, reaffirming its position as a leading export hub in northern Vietnam.

This performance is reinforced by the city’s logistics capacity, with cargo throughput at seaports totaling 238 million tons, strengthening Hai Phong’s competitiveness in international trade and port-linked manufacturing.

FDI in manufacturing and technology

Foreign direct investment in Hai Phong continues to be concentrated in manufacturing and technology-intensive sectors, with a strong presence of export-oriented projects located in industrial zones and the Dinh Vu – Cat Hai Economic Zone.

Investment attraction priorities emphasize:

High-tech manufacturing, including electronics and supporting industries;
Large-scale, capital-intensive projects with strong export orientation; and
Technology-driven production, aligned with the city’s broader goals for industrial upgrading and value-chain integration.

Hai Phong’s manufacturing profile is anchored by major multinational investors, most notably LG, Pegatron, USI, and Bridgestone, which have committed multi-billion-dollar investment projects in the city’s industrial zones. These projects play a central role in shaping Hai Phong’s position within global electronics and manufacturing supply chains, while generating spillover demand for supporting industries and logistics services.

The city’s FDI structure reflects a continued focus on export manufacturing, high-tech production, and large anchor investors, positioning the city to benefit from supply chain realignment and sustained demand for port-connected industrial locations.

Key industrial parks of Hai Phong

DEEP C Industrial Zones (Hai Phong I, II, III)

DEEP C Industrial Zones in Haiphong serve as a leading industrial center built on an eco-industrial park model, aimed at promoting sustainable long-term industrial growth. This hub includes DEEP C Haiphong 1, 2, and 3, located within the Dinh Vu – Cat Hai Economic Zone, collectively covering over 1,700 hectares, with DEEP C Haiphong 2 and 3 situated inside the Haiphong FTZ.

Find Business Support

The hub enjoys direct access to major transport infrastructure such as:

Lach Huyen deep-water port;
Cat Bi International Airport;
Lao Cai – Hanoi – Haiphong railway;
Hanoi–Haiphong Expressway; and
Haiphong – Ha Long – Van Don – Mong Cai Expressway.

The hub is suitable for a wide range of industrial and logistics activities, including:

Strategic industries (new materials, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, and renewable energy);
Supporting industries (high-precision mechanics, automation, and spare parts for high-tech industries); and
Logistics and port-related services (including bonded warehousing and smart logistics linked to Lach Huyen port).

VSIP Hai Phong Industrial Park

VSIP Hai Phong represents one of the city’s largest integrated industrial–urban developments, with a total planned investment of approximately US$1 billion across 1,600 hectares. Of this, 500 hectares are designated for clean industrial production, while 1,100 hectares are allocated to urban development.

Location: Dinh Vu–Cat Hai EZ, Tan Duong Commune, Thuy Nguyen District
Operation term: 2008–2058

Nam Dinh Vu Industrial Park

Nam Dinh Vu is a strategically positioned coastal industrial park covering 1,329 hectares within the Dinh Vu–Cat Hai Economic Zone. Notably, it is the only industrial park in Vietnam with an internal seaport (Nam Dinh Vu Port) capable of accommodating vessels up to 40,000 DWT, supported by a 300-meter turning basin.

Its gateway location provides direct access to Hai Phong’s maritime transport network.

Location: Dong Hai 2 Ward, Hai An District
Operation term: 2009–2059

Trang Due Industrial Park

Developed in three phases (187 ha, 214 ha, and 652 ha), Trang Due Industrial Park spans 1,088 hectares. The park has attracted major multinational investors, notably LG Group, and has emerged as a high-tech manufacturing hub.

Location: Le Loi Commune, An Duong District
Operation term: 2011–2061
Operation term: 2008–2058

Industrial park	Land area	Infrastructure	Targeted sectors
DEEP C Haiphong 1	541 ha	Fully occupied eco-industrial park within Dinh Vu – Cat Hai EZ; integrated utilities; direct access to Lach Huyen deep-water port, Cat Bi International Airport, Hanoi–Haiphong Expressway, and railway network	General manufacturing, chemicals, petrochemicals, high-tech industries
DEEP C Haiphong 2	~645 ha	Operational eco-industrial park located within Haiphong Free Trade Zone; established infrastructure; dense tenant ecosystem; strong connectivity to port, airport, expressways, and rail	Semiconductors, electronics, automotive, new materials, high-tech components, renewable energy equipment
DEEP C Haiphong 3	~520 ha	Operational with phased land availability; completed roads, power, water supply, and wastewater treatment plant; located within Free Trade Zone	Automotive assembly, bonded warehousing, smart logistics, international distribution centers, supporting industries
VSIP Hai Phong Industrial Park	1,600 ha	Master-planned industrial–urban complex (500 ha industrial, 1,100 ha urban); completed core infrastructure; stable utilities; located in Dinh Vu–Cat Hai EZ	Clean manufacturing, electronics, supporting industries
Nam Dinh Vu Industrial Park	1,329 ha	Coastal industrial park with internal Nam Dinh Vu Port (up to 40,000 DWT); full utilities; strong maritime logistics integration	Logistics, petrochemicals, port-based industries, heavy industry
Trang Due Industrial Park	1,088 ha	Phased modern infrastructure; established high-tech production cluster anchored by multinational investors (e.g., LG); stable technical utilities	Electronics, high-tech manufacturing, supporting industries

Ready-built factory and warehouse options

Northern Vietnam’s seaport-adjacent industrial corridor, anchored by Hai Phong, continues to draw manufacturers and logistics operators looking for ready-built factory (RBF) and ready-built warehouse (RBW) solutions. These developments provide quick deployment timelines, high technical standards, and strong connections to deep-sea ports, expressways, and international airports.

Core5 Hai Phong Phase 2

Located within the DEEP C Industrial Zones, Core5 Hai Phong Phase 2 provides approximately 80,676 square meters of ready-built factory and warehouse space across 17 factory blocks.

Key features:

Flexible unit sizes supporting diversified manufacturing operations
Modern industrial standards with reliable power and water supply
Internal road systems designed for heavy vehicle access
Strategic proximity: 5 km to Dinh Vu and Lach Huyen ports; 12 km to Cat Bi International Airport; 125 km to Hanoi
Expected handover: Q4 2026

Tenants benefit from DEEP C’s established eco-industrial ecosystem and integrated logistics infrastructure.

Core5 Hai Phong Phase 3

Core5 Phase 3 will deliver approximately 84,037 square meters of ready-built factory space, offering both single-storey and mezzanine configurations.

Key features:

Find Business Support

LEED-aligned green building design
Integrated technical services and 24/7 security
Close access to Dinh Vu and Lach Huyen seaports
Approximately 60 km from Hanoi CBD and 25 km from regional airport infrastructure
Expected handover: Q1 2027

BW Industrial RBFs and RBWs

BW Industrial is recognized as one of Vietnam’s premier developers specializing in logistics industrial spaces available for lease. The company provides flexible premises and tailored solutions to enterprises at various stages of their development. Its land portfolio encompasses 1,020 hectares distributed across 60 projects situated in ten principal provinces throughout Vietnam.

In the Hai Phong region specifically, BW Industrial has five RBFs/RBWs accessible for rental, with an additional two currently under development.

Project Name	Location	Key Advantages	Land Area	Status
BW Deep C 1	Deep C2B, Dinh Vu – Cat Hai EZ, Hai An, Hai Phong	Adjacent to Lach Huyen Deep Sea Port; Easy access to Hanoi – Hai Phong Hwy & Cat Bi Airport.	6.7 ha	Available
BW Nam Dinh Vu ESR	Nam Dinh Vu IP (Zone 1), Dinh Vu – Cat Hai EZ, Hai Phong	Tax incentives (EZ); EPE (Export Processing Enterprise) friendly; Near Lach Huyen Port.	12.1 ha	Available
BW Nam Dinh Vu	Nam Dinh Vu IP (Phases 1 & 2), Hai An, Hai Phong	Strategic port proximity; Connectivity to Hanoi – Hai Phong Hwy; Tax incentives.	49.8 ha	Available
BW VSIP Hai Phong	VSIP Hai Phong, Thuy Nguyen, Hai Phong	Low labor costs; Access to Hai Phong Port & Cat Bi Airport; BW Commercial Center nearby.	5.9 ha	Available
BW VSIP Hai Duong	Cam Dien – Luong Dien IP, Cam Giang, Hai Duong	Regional minimum wage (Zone 3); Strategic midpoint between Hanoi and Hai Phong.	42.6 ha	Available
BW Nam Dinh Vu Phase 4	Nam Dinh Vu IP, Hai Phong	Strategic expansion in a major industrial hub.	12.2 ha	Q2, 2025
BW Nam Dinh Vu Phase 3	CN10-02, Nam Dinh Vu IP, Hai Phong	Quick access to deep-sea logistics.	5.8 ha	Q1, 2025

Expert’s take: Bright industrial outlook for post-merger Hai Phong

Following the July 2025 administrative merger with Hai Duong province, Hai Phong has emerged as a massive economic subdivision encompassing over 3,100 square kilometers and a population of 4.6 million. This expansion provides the critical mass needed to support a proposed free trade zone and the new South Economic Zone, both central to the city’s manufacturing and export growth.

The strategic shift is supported by Resolution No. 59-NQ/TW, a Politburo directive issued in early 2025, which prioritizes proactive international integration to move Vietnam toward a US$1 trillion economy. By integrating Hai Duong’s industrial land bank with Hai Phong’s deep-sea port infrastructure, the city has created a unified ecosystem that reduces logistics bottlenecks for northern manufacturing clusters.

Current indicators suggest that the city is no longer just a transit point but a primary driver of national resilience. Paul Tonkes, Industrial Deputy Director of Indochina Kajima Development, said the city’s trajectory toward becoming the nation’s dominant maritime gateway is now a reality.

“Hai Phong becoming Vietnam’s largest port in five years is starting to be very tangible right now,” Tonkes said. “Between the Hai Phong FTZ and the new South Economic Zone, the city’s status as a critical gateway is a lock – merger or not.”

Tonkes noted that the city serves as a “frontline instrument” for Vietnam’s global standing.

Hai Phong is not just a port, but a frontline instrument for Vietnam’s international standing and closing in on the 1 trillion USD economy. I expect that Resolution 59 helps to move the needle toward an independent, resilient economy and proactive international integration; even if these are currently on-paper promises, there are players in Hai Phong capable of turning them into operational reality” – Paul Tonkes, Industrial Deputy Director of Indochina Kajima Development

About Us

Vietnam Briefing is one of five regional publications under the Asia Briefing brand. It is supported by Dezan Shira & Associates, a pan-Asia, multi-disciplinary professional services firm that assists foreign investors throughout Asia, including through offices in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang in Vietnam. Dezan Shira & Associates also maintains offices or has alliance partners assisting foreign investors in China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Mongolia, Dubai (UAE), Japan, South Korea, Nepal, The Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Italy, Germany, Bangladesh, Australia, United States, and United Kingdom and Ireland.

For a complimentary subscription to Vietnam Briefing’s content products, please click here. For support with establishing a business in Vietnam or for assistance in analyzing and entering markets, please contact the firm at vietnam@dezshira.com or visit us at www.dezshira.com

Continue Reading

February 15, 2026

Identifying and assessing BIM implementation challenges and success factors in sustainable building projects among Malaysian SMEs
Chan, A. P. C. & Adabre, M. A. Bridging the gap between sustainable housing and affordable housing: the required critical success criteria (CSC). Build. Environ. 151, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.029 (2019).

Google Scholar
Abanda, F. H., Tah, J. H. M. & Cheung, F. K. T. BIM in off-site manufacturing for buildings. J. Build. Eng. 14, 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.10.002 (2017).

Google Scholar
Oke, A. E., Kineber, A. F., Albukhari, I., Othman, I. & Kingsley, C. Assessment of cloud computing success factors for sustainable construction industry: the case of Nigeria. Buildings 11, 36 (2021).

Google Scholar
Kissi, E., Boateng, E. & Adjei-Kumi, T. Strategies for implementing value management in the construction industry of Ghana. Proc. DII-2015 Conf. Infrastruct. Dev. Invest. Strateg. Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, pp. 16–8. (2015).
Adeyemi, L. A. & Idoko, M. Developing Local Capacity for Project Management–Key To Social and Business Transformation in Developing Countries (Project Management Institute, 2008).
Durdyev, S., Ismail, S., Ihtiyar, A., Abu Bakar, N. F. S. & Darko, A. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) of barriers to sustainable construction in Malaysia. J. Clean. Prod. 204, 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.304 (2018).

Google Scholar
Gerges, M. et al. An investigation into the implementation of Building information modeling in the middle East. J. Inf. Technol. Constr. 22, 1–15 (2017).

Google Scholar
Autodesk Building information modelling (BIM). (2020). https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/bim (accessed January 10, 2021).
Olanrewaju, O. I., Babarinde, S. A., Chileshe, N. & Sandanayake, M. Drivers for implementation of Building information modeling (BIM) within the Nigerian construction industry. J. Financ Manag Prop. Constr. 26, 366–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMPC-12-2019-0090 (2021).

Google Scholar
Abubakar, M., Ibrahim, Y. M., Kado, D. & Bala, K. Contractors’ perception of the factors affecting Building information modelling (BIM) adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. Comput. Civ. Build. Eng., pp. 167–178. (2014).
Othman, I. et al. The level of Building information modelling (BIM) implementation in Malaysia. Ain Shams Eng. J. N D ;12:455–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.04.007
Oraee, M. et al. Collaboration barriers in BIM-based construction networks: A conceptual model. Int. J. Proj Manag. 37, 839–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.05.004 (2019).

Google Scholar
Borges Viana, V. L. & Marques Carvalho, M. T. Prioritization of risks related to BIM implementation in Brazilian public agencies using fuzzy logic. J. Build. Eng. 36, 102104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102104 (2021).

Google Scholar
Alwan, Z., Nawarathna, A., Ayman, R., Zhu, M. & ElGhazi, Y. Framework for parametric assessment of operational and embodied energy impacts utilising BIM. J. Build. Eng. 42, 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102768 (2021).

Google Scholar
Yan, H. & Demian, P. Benefits and barriers of building information modelling 2008.
Olanrewaju, O. I., Chileshe, N., Babarinde, S. A. & Sandanayake, M. Investigating the barriers to Building information modeling (BIM) implementation within the Nigerian construction industry. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 27, 2931–2958. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0042 (2020).

Google Scholar
Olanrewaju, O. I., Kineber, A. F., Chileshe, N. & Edwards, D. J. Modelling the relationship between Building information modelling (BIM) implementation barriers, usage and awareness on Building project lifecycle. Build. Environ. 207, 108556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108556 (2022).

Google Scholar
Marzouk, M., Elsaay, H. & Othman, A. A. E. Analysing BIM implementation in the Egyptian construction industry. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 29, 4177–4190. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2020-0523 (2022).

Google Scholar
Gharaibeh, L., Matarneh, S., Lantz, B. & Eriksson, K. Quantifying the influence of BIM adoption: an in-depth methodology and practical case studies in construction. Results Eng. 23, 102555 (2024).

Google Scholar
Aghimien, D. O., Oke, A. E. & Aigbavboa, C. O. Barriers to the adoption of value management in developing countries. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 25, 818–834. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2017-0070 (2018).

Google Scholar
Hironaka, C., Zariyawati, M. A. & Diana-Rose, F. A comparative study on development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Japan and Malaysia. Saudi J. Bus. Manag Stud. 2, 357–364. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjbms (2017).

Google Scholar
CIDB. Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan (2021–2025): Next Revolution of the Malaysian Construction Industry. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: (2020).
Piroozfar, P. et al. Facilitating Building information modelling (BIM) using integrated project delivery (IPD): A UK perspective. J. Build. Eng. 26, 100907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100907 (2019).

Google Scholar
Vidalakis, C., Abanda, F. H. & Oti, A. H. BIM adoption and implementation: focusing on SMEs. Constr. Innov. 20, 128–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-09-2018-0076 (2020).

Google Scholar
Hall, A. T., Durdyev, S., Koc, K., Ekmekcioglu, O. & Tupenaite, L. Multi-criteria analysis of barriers to Building information modeling (BIM) adoption for SMEs in new Zealand construction industry. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 30, 3798–3816. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2022-0215 (2022).

Google Scholar
Saka, A. B. & Chan, D. W. M. Adoption and implementation of Building information modelling (BIM) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): a review and conceptualization. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 28, 1829–1862. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-06-2019-0332 (2020).

Google Scholar
Bamgbose, O. A., Ogunbayo, B. F. & Aigbavboa, C. O. Barriers to Building information modelling adoption in small and medium enterprises: Nigerian construction industry perspectives. Buildings 14, 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020538 (2024).

Google Scholar
Zahrizan, Z., Ali, N. M., Haron, A. T., Marshall-Ponting, A. & Hamid, Z. A. Exploring the barriers and driving factors in implementing Building information modelling (BIM) in the Malaysian construction industry: A preliminary study. Inst. Eng. Malaysia. 75, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 (2013).

Google Scholar
Chan, C. T. Barriers of implementing BIM in construction industry from the designers’ perspective: A Hong Kong experience. J. Syst. Manag Sci. 4, 24–40 (2014).

Google Scholar
Al-Ashmori, Y. Y., Othman, I. & Al-Aidrous, A-H-M-H. Values, Challenges, and critical success factors of Building information modelling (BIM) in malaysia: experts perspective. Sustainability 14, 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063192 (2022).

Google Scholar
Al-Ashmori, Y. Y. et al. BIM benefits and its influence on the BIM implementation in Malaysia. Ain Shams Eng. J. 11, 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.02.002 (2020).

Google Scholar
Alreshidi, E. Factors for effective. BIM Gov. 10, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.02.006 (2017).

Google Scholar
Zahrizan, Z. et al. Exploring the adoption of Building information modelling (BIM) in the Malaysian construction industry: A qualitative approach. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2, 384–395. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 (2013).

Google Scholar
Migilinskas, D., Popov, V., Juocevicius, V. & Ustinovichius, L. The benefits, Obstacles and problems of practical BIM implementation. Procedia Eng. 57, 767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.097 (2013).

Google Scholar
Azhar, S. Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and challenges for the AEC industry. Leadersh. Manag Eng. 11, 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127 (2011).

Google Scholar
Aranda-Mena, G., Crawford, J., Chevez, A. & Froese, T. Building information modelling demystified: does it make business sense to adopt BIM? Int. J. Manag Proj Bus. 2, 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538370910971063 (2009).

Google Scholar
Ku, K. & Taiebat, M. BIM experiences and expectations: the constructors’ perspective. Int. J. Constr. Educ. Res. 7, 175–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2010.544155 (2011).

Google Scholar
Grilo, A. & Jardim-Goncalves, R. Value proposition on interoperability of BIM and collaborative working environments. Autom. Constr. 19, 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2009.11.003 (2010). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/

Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Y. M. & Abdullahi, M. Introduction to building information modelling. Proc. 3-day Work. Gen. Meet. Niger. Inst. Quant. Surv. Niger. Inst. Quant. Surv. Lagos, Niger., pp. 8–12. (2016).
Sebastian, R. Changing roles of the clients, architects and contractors through BIM. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 18, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981111111148 (2011).

Google Scholar
Thompson, D. B. & Miner, R. G. Building information modeling-BIM: contractual risks are changing with technology. WWW doc URL Http//Www Aepronet Org/Ge/No35 Html 2006;7.
Waqar, A. et al. Impediments in BIM implementation for the risk management of tall buildings. Results Eng. 20, 101401 (2023).

Google Scholar
Baarimah, A. O. et al. Integration of Building information modeling (BIM) and value engineering in construction projects: A bibliometric analysis. Int. Sustain. Resil. Conf. Clim. Chang. 2021, 362–367. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668045 (2021). 3.

Google Scholar
Alufohai, A. Adoption of Building Information Modeling and Nigeria’s Quest for Project Cost Management p. 6–10 (FIG Work. Week, 2012).
Al-Yami, A. & Sanni-Anibire, M. O. BIM in the Saudi Arabian construction industry: state of the art, benefit and barriers. Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt. 39, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-08-2018-0065 (2021).

Google Scholar
Almuntaser, T., Sanni-Anibire, M. O. & Hassanain, M. A. Adoption and implementation of BIM – case study of a Saudi Arabian AEC firm. Int. J. Manag Proj Bus. 11, 608–624. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-05-2017-0046 (2018).

Google Scholar
Gamil, Y. & Rahman, I. A. R. Awareness and challenges of Building information modelling (BIM) implementation in the Yemen construction industry. J. Eng. Des. Technol. 17, 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-03-2019-0063 (2019).

Google Scholar
Gardezi, S. S. S., Shafiq, N., Nurudinn, M. F., Farhan, S. A. & Umar, U. A. Challenges for implementation of building information modeling (BIM) in Malaysian construction industry. Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, Trans Tech Publ; pp. 559–64. (2014). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.567.559
Ghaffarianhoseini, A. et al. Building information modelling (BIM) uptake: clear benefits, Understanding its implementation, risks and challenges. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 75, 1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.083 (2017).

Google Scholar
Elmualim, A. & Gilder, J. BIM: innovation in design management, influence and challenges of implementation. Archit. Eng. Des. Manag. 10, 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2013.821399 (2014).

Google Scholar
Arensman, D. B. & Ozbek, M. E. Building information modeling and potential legal issues. Int. J. Constr. Educ. Res. 8, 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2011.617808 (2012).

Google Scholar
Won, J., Lee, G. & Dossick, C. Where to focus for successful adoption of Building information modeling within organization. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 141, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862 (2013).

Google Scholar
Bui, N., Merschbrock, C. & Munkvold, B. E. A review of Building information modelling for construction in developing countries. Procedia Eng. 164, 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.649 (2016).

Google Scholar
Abdirad, H. & Abdirad, H. Metric-based BIM implementation assessment: a review of research and practice research and practice 2016;2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1183474
Ern, P. A. S., Ooi, Y. Y. & Al-Ashmori, Y. Y. Comparative study on the perspective towards the benefits and hindrances of implementing Building information modelling (Bim). Int. J. Sustain. Constr. Eng. Technol. 11, 194–205. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2020.11.01.019 (2020).

Google Scholar
Volk, R., Stengel, J. & Schultmann, F. Building information modeling (BIM) for existing buildings – Literature review and future needs. Autom. Constr. 38, 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.023 (2014).

Google Scholar
Olanrewaju, O. I., Kineber, A. F., Chileshe, N. & Edwards, D. J. Modelling the impact of Building information modelling (BIM) implementation drivers and awareness on project lifecycle. Sustainability 2021;13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168887
Saka, A. B. & Chan, D. W. M. A scientometric review and metasynthesis of Building information modelling (BIM) research in Africa. Buildings 2019;9. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040085
Alshibani, A. et al. Investigation of the driving power of the barriers affecting BIM adoption in construction management through ISM. Results Eng. 24, 102987 (2024).

Google Scholar
Olugboyega, O., Edwards, D. J., Windapo, A. O., Omopariola, E. D. & Martek, I. Development of a conceptual model for evaluating the success of BIM-based construction projects. Smart Sustain. Built Environ. 10, 681–701. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-02-2020-0013 (2021).

Google Scholar
Cavka, H. B., Staub-French, S. & Poirier, E. A. Developing owner information requirements for BIM-enabled project delivery and asset management. Autom. Constr. 83, 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.006 (2017).

Google Scholar
Nieto-Julián, J. E., Lara, L. & Moyano, J. Implementation of a TeamWork-HBIM for the management and sustainability of architectural heritage. Sustainability 2021;13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042161
Stransky, M. & Dlask, P. Process of matching work items between Bim model and cost estimating software. Eng. Rural Dev. 17, 856–864 (2018).

Google Scholar
Eastman, C. M., Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R. & Liston, K. BIM Handbook: A Guide To Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, Engineers and Contractors (Wiley, 2011).
Nagalingam, G., Jayasena, H. S. & Ranadewa, K. Building information modelling and future quantity surveyor’s practice in Sri Lankan construction industry 2013.
Wu, J. & Lepech, M. D. Incorporating multi-physics deterioration analysis in Building information modeling for life-cycle management of durability performance. Autom. Constr. 110, 103004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.103004 (2020).

Google Scholar
Amarasinghe, I. A., Soorige, D. & Geekiyanage, D. Comparative study on life cycle assessment of buildings in developed countries and Sri Lanka. Built Environ. Proj Asset Manag. 11, 304–329. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-10-2019-0090 (2021).

Google Scholar
Lin, Y-C. & Hsu, Y-T. in Enhancing the Visualization of Problems Tracking and Management Integrated BIM Technology for General Contractor in Construction BT – Collaboration and Integration in Construction, Engineering, Management and Technology. 427–432 (eds Ahmed, S. M., Hampton, P., Azhar, S. & Saul, D.) (Springer International Publishing, 2021).
Enegbuma, W. I. & Ali, K. N. A preliminary critical success factor (CSFs) analysis of building information modelling (BIM) implementation in Malaysia. Asian Conf. Real Estate (ACRE 2011) Sustain. Growth, Manag. Challenges, Thistle Johor Bahru, Oct. 3, vol. 5, pp. 3–5. (2011).
Yong, Y. C. & Mustaffa, N. E. Critical success factors for Malaysian construction projects: an empirical assessment. Constr. Manag Econ. 31, 959–978. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2013.828843 (2013).

Google Scholar
Ozorhon, B. & Karahan, U. Critical Success Factors of Building Information Model. Implement. ;33:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000505. (2017).
Tsai, M., Mom, M. & Hsieh, S. Developing critical success factors for the assessment of BIM technology adoption: part I. Methodology and survey. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 37, 845–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2014.888811 (2014).

Google Scholar
Liao, L. et al. Critical Success Factors for enhancing the Building Information Modelling implementation in building projects in Singapore 2017;3730. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1374300
GardeziSSS, Shafiq, N., NurudinnMF, FarhanSA & UmarUA Challenges for implementation of Building information modeling (BIM) in Malaysian construction industry. Appl. Mech. Mater. 567, 559–564. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.567.559 (2014).

Google Scholar
Succar, B., Sher, W. & Williams, A. An integrated approach to BIM competency assessment, acquisition and application. Autom. Constr. 35, 174–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.05.016 (2013).

Google Scholar
Al-Aidrous, A-H-M-H., Shafiq, N., Al-Ashmori, Y. Y., Al-Mekhlafi, A-B-A. & Baarimah, A. O. Essential factors enhancing industrialized Building implementation in Malaysian residential projects. Sustainability 14, 11711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811711 (2022).

Google Scholar
Al-Ashmori, Y. Y., Othman, I. & Rahmawati, Y. Bibliographic analysis of BIM success factors and other BIM literatures using vosviewer: A theoretical mapping and discussion. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1529, 0–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/4/042105 (2020).

Google Scholar
Jones, T. L., Baxter, M. & Khanduja, V. A quick guide to survey research. Ann. R Coll. Surg. Engl. 95, 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1308/003588413X13511609956372 (2013).

Google Scholar
Kelley, K., Clark, B., Brown, V. & Sitzia, J. Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. Int. J. Qual. Heal Care. 15, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzg031 (2003).

Google Scholar
CIDB & Registered Contractor (2021). https://cims.cidb.gov.my/smis/regcontractor/reglocalsearchcontractor.vbhtml (accessed November 10, 2021).
Enshassi, A. & Al Swaity, E. Key stressors leading to construction professionals’ stress in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. J. Constr. Dev. Ctries. ;20. (2015).
Gouda Mohamed, A., Alqahtani, F. K., Sherif, M. & El-Shamie, S. M. Scrutinizing the adoption of smart contracts in the MENA region’s construction industry. J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng. 24, 1558–1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2329354 (2025).

Google Scholar
Takim, R. & Adnan, H. Analysis of effectiveness measures of construction project success in Malaysia. Asian Soc. Sci. 4, 74–91 (2008).

Google Scholar
IBM. SPSS Statistics (Version 28.0) [Computer software] (2022). https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-28 (accessed January 2, 2026).
Majid, M. Z. A. & McCaffer, R. Assessment of Work Performance of Maintenance Contractors in Saudi Arabia. J Manag Eng. ;12:44–9. (1996). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1996)12:2(44).
George, D. & Mallery, P. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 2003 2003;11.0 updat:(4th ed.).
Yong, A. G., Pearce, S. A. & Beginner’s Guide to factor analysis: focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutor. Quant. Methods Psychol. 9, 79–94. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079 (2013).

Google Scholar
Al-Aidrous, A. M. H. et al. Major blocking factors affecting the application of industrialized Building system. Ain Shams Eng. J. 2023:102151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102151
Al-Aidrous, A-H-M-H. et al. Critical factors influencing inventory and procurement system of infrastructure projects. J. Civ. Eng. Manag. 28, 634–645. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2022.16681 (2022).

Google Scholar
Solutions, S. Exploratory Factor Analysis (Solut Stat Clarity, 2020).
Ferguson, E. & Cox, T. Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Users’ Guide. ;1:84–94. (1993).
Bernama CIDB recommends mandatory use of BIM in certain private sector projects. New Straits Times. (2018). https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/470468/cidb-recommends-mandatory-use-bim-certain-private-sector-projects (accessed December 15, 2021).
Memon, A. H., Rahman, I. A., Memon, I. & Azman, N. I. A. BIM in Malaysian construction industry: Status, advantages, barriers and strategies to enhance the implementation level. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 8, 606–614. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.1012 (2014).

Google Scholar
Zakari, Z., Ali, N. M. A., Haron, A. T., Marshall Ponting, A. & Abd. Hamid, Z. Exploring the barriers and driving factors in implementing Building information modelling (BIM) in the Malaysian construction industry: A preliminary study. J. Inst. Eng. Malaysia. 75, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.54552/v75i1.36 (2014).

Google Scholar
Memon AH, Rahman IA, Memon I. BIM in Malaysian Construction Industry: Status, Advantages, Barriers and Strategies to Enhance the … https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.1012.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L. Multivariate Data Analysis Vol. 6 (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006).
Pallant, J. SPSS for Windows. Versions 1. (2003).
Dean, J. & Shiken Choosing the Right Type of Rotation in PCA and EFA. JALT Test. Eval SIG Newsl. ;13:20–25. (2009).

Google Scholar
SamuelsP Advice on exploratory factor analysis. Cent. Acad. Success. Birm. City Univ. 2 https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.5013.9766 (2016).
Ahmad, T., Aibinu, A. & Thaheem, M. J. BIM-based iterative tool for sustainable Building design: A conceptual framework. Procedia Eng. 180, 782–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.239 (2017).

Google Scholar
Chong, H. Y., Lee, C. Y. & Wang, X. A mixed review of the adoption of Building information modelling (BIM) for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 142, 4114–4126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.222 (2017).

Google Scholar

Continue Reading

The Canadian government’s recent approval of the first gene-edited animal to enter the food system has reignited debates over whether foods produced using genetic engineering techniques should be labelled.

Gene-edited animals, including faster-growing fish, heat-tolerant cows and disease-resistant pigs, have already been approved in the United States, Japan and several countries in South America. These decisions, including Canada’s approval, were made with limited public awareness and input.

Advocacy groups such as the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, political parties including the Bloc Québécois and organic pork producers are calling for mandatory labelling of gene-edited meat in Canada.

Public demand

Public opinion research indicates that many Canadians view labelling gene-edited foods as essential. Polling commissioned by the Canadian Health Food Association suggests many Canadians want greater transparency about the use of gene editing for food production.

Studies in the United States also suggest that consumer acceptance increases when the benefits of gene editing are clearly communicated.

Similarly, a survey commissioned by the company that developed Canada’s first approved gene-edited pig found that many Canadians would consider purchasing gene-edited pork if health and environmental benefits were delivered.

Why label gene-edited meat?

Food labelling serves multiple purposes: it provides information about a product’s ingredients and the production methods involved. Labels also play a democratic role by promoting transparency and accountability. This in turn allows consumers to make choices that reflect health considerations as well as their ethical, political and environmental values.

Debates over the labelling of gene-edited meat often hinge on tensions between ethical principles such as protection and autonomy. On the one hand, governments are tasked with protecting the food supply and ensuring food safety. On the other hand, individual consumers have the right to know how food is produced and to make choices accordingly.

Proponents of labelling argue that consumers have a fundamental right to know what’s in their food, how it was produced and what potential risks are involved.

With gene-edited meat, public concerns include health and safety risks, as well as environmental consequences, animal welfare, corporate control of the food system via patents and licensing and threats to food sovereignty.

For example, gene-edited animals could potentially be harmed by unintended consequences, including off-target side effects. It is imperative to ensure traceability in commercial settings with clear mechanisms to report on animal health and welfare.

Packaged meat at a grocery store in Montréal.
A supermarket display of packaged meat.

By enhancing consumer choice, labelling can also foster market competition.

Opponents of labelling argue that gene-edited foods are scientifically proven to be safe and that labelling could mislead consumers into assuming there is a risk where none exists. They argue that labels can create fear and confusion, potentially undermining the adoption of breeding techniques that could enhance health, reduce environmental impacts and improve food security.

Labelling also has political consequences. Market-based approaches shift responsibility to individual consumers, which can foreclose other avenues for collective decision-making about how food systems should be governed.

Mandatory versus voluntary labelling

Canada currently doesn’t require the labelling of genetically modified (GMO) or gene-edited foods. Under the Food and Drugs Act, labelling is mandated only when a product poses a health or safety concern.

This is at odds with approaches elsewhere. For example, the U.S. National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard requires companies to label genetically engineered foods, while decisions about the labelling of gene-edited foods are made on a case-by-case basis.

In Canada, voluntary labelling is permitted provided it’s truthful and not misleading. The Canadian Standards Board, scheduled soon to cease operations due to budget cuts, provides guidance on voluntary labelling for genetically engineered foods. Notably, its definition of genetic engineering excludes both conventional breeding and gene editing.

The Canada organics sector relies on voluntary non-GMO food labelling. Similar to international organic standards, certified organic products in Canada prohibit the use of genetically engineered and gene-edited seeds, feed and food.

A farmer's market display with boxes of organic cherry tomatoes and ears of corn. — Canada’s organic food sector relies on voluntary non-GMO labels.
(Anne Preble/Unsplash)

Following Health Canada’s approval of gene-edited pigs in January, organic pork producer duBreton introduced Canada’s first verified non-gene-edited and non-cloned meat label.

This proposed label was also a response to a now-paused federal proposal to exclude cloned animals from the definition of novel foods, a move that would allow cloned meat to enter the market without consumer or government notification.

A lack of public engagement

The labelling of gene-edited meat raises several questions. Food labels can support consumer autonomy and transparency, but labels are not good at conveying complicated information. Labels also privilege market forces for making collective decisions, instead of other democratic processes such as public deliberation and stringent regulation.

In a regulatory context that largely promotes biotechnology while offering few opportunities for meaningful public engagement, it remains unclear whether labelling is the most effective democratic approach to gene-edited meat in Canada.

As gene-edited animals potentially become more common in global food systems, the question is not just whether to label these products, but which political opportunities labelling creates or restricts — and for whose benefit.

Category: 3. Business

After the merger: A larger, unified administrative and economic footprint

Strategic planning and special support

Enhanced investment management authority

Retained local revenue from inland transport infrastructure

Free Trade Zone with superior incentives

Preferential tax and residence incentives for talent

Financial and budget authority

Infrastructure and industrial ecosystem highlights

Seaport system

Land connectivity

Air cargo and airport expansion

Industrial land and cluster development

FDI profile and sectors likely to benefit

Export growth and trade orientation

FDI in manufacturing and technology

Key industrial parks of Hai Phong

DEEP C Industrial Zones (Hai Phong I, II, III)

VSIP Hai Phong Industrial Park

Nam Dinh Vu Industrial Park

Trang Due Industrial Park

Ready-built factory and warehouse options

Core5 Hai Phong Phase 2

Core5 Hai Phong Phase 3

BW Industrial RBFs and RBWs

Expert’s take: Bright industrial outlook for post-merger Hai Phong

New Member Gift: Gaston Luga Spläsh Hip Pack in Black

Public demand

Why label gene-edited meat?

Mandatory versus voluntary labelling

A lack of public engagement