Category: 3. Business

SEATTLE — Jan. 12, 2026 — Fred Hutch Cancer Center welcomed Sabah Öney to its Board of Directors effective Jan. 1, 2026. Öney is the president and chief executive officer of Dispatch Bio, a start-up company that is engineering a universal treatment across solid tumors.

“It is an honor to join the Fred Hutch Board of Directors,” said Öney. “For the past 50 years, Fred Hutch has built a global reputation for developing lifesaving treatments and leading scientific innovation, and I look forward to joining with this outstanding group of leaders to advance the mission of curing cancer and infectious diseases.”

Öney brings nearly 20 years of scientific experience and executive leadership in the biotechnology industry. In 2012, he oversaw the global expansion of products at Ariosa Diagnostics. Later, he served as the Chief Business Officer of Alector, a biotech company leveraging the immune system against neurodegenerative diseases and guided the company throughout its IPO process. In 2021, he joined ARCH Venture Partners as a Venture Partner. Öney is also a Co-founder and Interim CEO of Vilya, a computational biotechnology company founded by Nobel Laureate David Baker, PhD, and serves on its Board of Directors.

His education experience reflects a combination of scientific innovation and business experience. Öney received his bachelor’s degree in genetics from the University of Kansas, his MBA from Stanford University Graduate School of Business and his PhD in Genetics and Genomics from Duke University. He is the co-author of numerous scientific publications and has developed several biotechnology patents.

Motivated both professionally and personally to advance immunotherapy treatment and research, Öney shares a passion for Fred Hutch’s mission to eliminate cancer and infectious diseases. In 2022, as part of Fred Hutch’s Climb to Fight Cancer Timmerman Traverse trek to the Everest Base Camp, he raised nearly $97,000 for cancer research at Fred Hutch and called the journey a “life-altering experience.”

“Sabah is an outstanding addition to our Board of Directors, bringing a wealth of experience in leading innovative biotechnology companies that are transforming the treatment of cancer and other diseases,” said Dr. Thomas J. Lynch, president and director of Fred Hutch and holder of the Raisbeck Endowed Chair. “As we now enter the next 50 years of Fred Hutch’s mission and legacy, Sabah’s insight will be instrumental in advancing our next chapter of scientific innovation and treatment.”

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Media contact:

Shayla Ring

sring@fredhutch.org

Fred Hutch Cancer Center unites individualized care and advanced research to provide the latest cancer treatment options while accelerating discoveries that prevent, treat and cure cancer and infectious diseases worldwide.

Based in Seattle, Fred Hutch is an independent, nonprofit organization and the only National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in Washington. We have earned a global reputation for our track record of discoveries in cancer, infectious disease and basic research, including important advances in bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, HIV/AIDS prevention and COVID-19 vaccines. Fred Hutch operates eight clinical care sites that provide medical oncology, infusion, radiation, proton therapy and related services. Fred Hutch also serves as UW Medicine’s cancer program.

Global law firm K&L Gates LLP served as legal counsel to Lightwave Logic, Inc., a technology platform company leveraging its proprietary electro-optic (EO) polymers to transmit data at higher speeds with less power in a small form factor, in connection with an underwritten public offering of its common stock. 

Lightwave sold 11,666,667 shares of common stock in the offering at a price of US$3.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of US$35 million. The common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “LWLG.” 

Lightwave plans to allocate the net proceeds to accelerate its commercialization timeline, accelerate and expand U.S. production capacity to support its customers, onboard additional large scale design-ins, pursue strategic M&A opportunities or invest in complementary technologies or businesses, and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. 

The Corporate deal team was led by Miami partner Clayton Parker, with support from Miami partner Erin Fogarty, Nashville partner Lauren Ammons, Seattle partner Robert Starin, and Miami associate Stephen Vinson. 

“This offering marks an important step in Lightwave’s commercialization journey. We were pleased to advise the company on a transaction that supports its ability to scale US production, deepen customer partnerships, and pursue strategic opportunities as demand for high performance photonics continues to grow,” said Parker.

K&L Gates’ Corporate practice is one of the most substantial in the legal industry, with hundreds of lawyers in offices across the globe providing clients with practical legal solutions in the structuring, financing, and completion of domestic, international, and cross-border transactions.

• Deliveries up 4% year on year to 793 commercial aircraft in 2025
• 1,000 gross orders recorded from 57 customers (889 net), including 49 A220s, 656 A320s, 100 A330neos, two A330 MRTTs and 193 A350s
• Record overall order backlog of 8,754 and for widebodies of 1,124 at year-end

Toulouse, France, 12 January 2026 – Airbus delivered 793 commercial aircraft to 91 customers globally in 2025 and registered 1,000 new gross orders in the Commercial Aircraft business. The backlog at the end of December 2025 increased to a new year-end record of 8,754 aircraft highlighting the strong market demand for Airbus’ product portfolio. In 2025, Airbus achieved another healthy book to bill above one.

In a continued complex and dynamic operating environment, deliveries in 2025 maintained an upward trajectory. The year witnessed several landmark deliveries and welcomed new operators of the A220, the A321XLR, the A330neo and the A350-1000 across all regions. Airbus also won repeat orders and key new customers in both single aisle and widebody campaigns. The widebody backlog reached a new year-end record of 1,124 aircraft. 

Airbus’ 2025, 2024 and 2023 aircraft deliveries

Airbus’ 2025 full year Financial Results will be disclosed on 19 February 2026.

• Approval is supported by data from the DEVOTE study which showed the benefit of the SPINRAZA 50 mg and 28 mg regimen in both treatment-naïve and previously-treated nusinersen patients with SMA¹
• Biogen is dedicated to partnering with the SMA community to advance care through scientific innovation and a commitment to enhancing outcomes for people living with SMA

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Jan. 12, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Biogen Inc. (Nasdaq: BIIB) today announced the European Commission (EC) has granted marketing authorization for a high dose regimen of SPINRAZA^® (nusinersen) which is comprised of 50 mg/5 mL and 28 mg/5 mL doses for the treatment of 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). 5q SMA is the most common form of the disease and represents approximately 95% of all SMA cases.² The SPINRAZA European Union marketing authorization has been updated to include the high dose regimen. The new high dose regimen comprises a more rapid loading phase, two 50 mg loading doses administered 14 days apart and 28 mg maintenance dose injections every four months thereafter. Individuals transitioning from the 12 mg dose will receive one 50 mg dose in place of their next 12 mg dose, followed by 28 mg maintenance doses every four months thereafter. SPINRAZA is for intrathecal use by lumbar puncture by health care professionals experienced in performing lumbar punctures.

“Since its approval in the European Union in 2017, SPINRAZA has helped set a new standard in patient care and treated more than then 10,000 infants, children, teens and adults worldwide,” Priya Singhal, M.D., M.P.H., Executive Vice President and Head of Development at Biogen. “We are proud to introduce the high dose regimen of SPINRAZA, which we have developed to address the evolving needs of individuals living with SMA, and are deeply committed to bringing it to the European SMA community as quickly as possible. We are grateful for all of the contributions of the SMA community who made today’s approval possible.”

The EC approval is based on data from the three-part, Phase 2/3 DEVOTE study and its ongoing long-term extension. Results from the pivotal cohort of the study showed treatment-naïve, symptomatic infants who received the high dose regimen of SPINRAZA experienced statistically significant improvements in motor function as measured by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND), when compared to a prespecified matched sham (untreated) group from the ENDEAR study* (mean difference: 26.19 points; +15.1 vs. -11.1, p<0.0001). Improvements in motor function were also observed in the open label cohort of individuals across a broad range of ages and SMA types who transitioned from the low dose regimen. These participants experienced a mean improvement on the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded of 1.8 points [SD 3.99] from baseline to Day 302.¹

“The DEVOTE results provide encouraging evidence that this new dosing option could deliver meaningful treatment outcomes with a safety profile generally consistent with the 12 mg dosing regimen,” said Eugenio Mercuri, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Pediatric Neurology at the Catholic University, Rome, Italy. “I have witnessed the remarkable strides that have been made in treating SMA, but it is clear challenges remain. The European Commission approval of the high dose regimen of SPINRAZA is an important step toward addressing those challenges and advancing how we care for people living with SMA.”

Throughout the study, high dose regimen was generally well tolerated, with reported adverse events consistent with SMA and the known safety profile of nusinersen. No new safety concerns were observed with continued use of high dose nusinersen in the long-term-extension study. In the DEVOTE study, the most common adverse events that occurred in at least 10% of participants treated with the high dose regimen and occurred at least 5% more frequently than the matched sham group were pneumonia, COVID-19, pneumonia aspiration, and malnutrition.¹

Special warnings and precautions for use of nusinersen include adverse reactions as a part of the lumbar puncture procedure, low platelet counts and blood clotting abnormalities, renal toxicity and hydrocephalus (excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain).³

“As a community, we welcome advances that expand options for people living with SMA and reinforce continued innovation in SMA care,” said Nicole Gusset, CEO of SMA Europe. “This approval highlights the importance of sustained research and investment, contributing to a wider range of possibilities that may enable more tailored approaches to SMA care over time.”

The updated Summary of Product Characteristics will be available on the European Medicines Agency website at www.ema.europa.eu. 

The high dose regimen of SPINRAZA is also approved in Japan and is under review with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with a decision expected by April 3, 2026. Biogen is working with regulatory authorities around the world to progress this additional dosing option for people living with SMA. 

*ENDEAR is one of the two pivotal studies that formed the basis of regulatory approvals for SPINRAZA 12 mg.

About the DEVOTE Study¹
DEVOTE was a Phase 2/3 randomized, controlled, dose-escalating study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of SPINRAZA when administered at a higher dose (50/28 mg). The study enrolled 145 participants across ages and SMA types at approximately 42 sites around the world. DEVOTE included an open-label safety evaluation cohort (Part A), a double-blind, active control randomized treatment cohort (Part B), followed by an open-label treatment cohort (Part C) to assess the safety and tolerability of transitioning participants from the currently approved dose of SPINRAZA 12 mg to the higher dose regimen being tested in the study.

Part B was comprised of a pivotal cohort in treatment-naïve patients with infantile-onset SMA (n=75), and a supportive cohort in treatment-naïve patients with later-onset SMA (n=24). The primary endpoint of Part B measured the change from baseline on CHOP-INTEND at six months, comparing the high dose regimen of nusinersen to a matched, untreated sham control group from the Phase 3 ENDEAR study. ENDEAR is one of the two pivotal studies that formed the basis of regulatory approval for SPINRAZA 12 mg.

Part C was an open-label evaluation of the higher dose regimen in children and adults who transitioned from SPINRAZA 12 mg to the 50/28 mg regimen (n=40).

About SPINRAZA
The high dose regimen of SPINRAZA (nusinersen) which is comprised of 50 mg/5 mL and 28 mg/5mL injections are approved in the European Union and Japan to treat infants, children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The high dose regimen of nusinersen is currently under review with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with a decision expected by April 3, 2026. SPINRAZA 12 mg/5 mL injection is approved for SMA in more than 71 countries.⁴

The low dose regimen of SPINRAZA has shown efficacy across ages and SMA types with a well-established safety profile based on data in patients treated up to 10 years,^5,6 combined with unsurpassed real-world experience. The most common adverse events observed in clinical studies were respiratory infection, fever, constipation, headache, vomiting and back pain. Laboratory tests can monitor for renal toxicity and coagulation abnormalities, including acute severe low platelet counts, which have been observed after administration of some ASOs. 

Biogen licensed the global rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize SPINRAZA from Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: IONS). For more information, visit your respective country’s product website. For the U.S., please click here for Important Safety Information and full Prescribing Information .

About Biogen
Founded in 1978, Biogen is a leading biotechnology company that pioneers innovative science to deliver new medicines to transform patients’ lives and to create value for shareholders and our communities. We apply deep understanding of human biology and leverage different modalities to advance first-in-class treatments or therapies that deliver superior outcomes. Our approach is to take bold risks, balanced with return on investment to deliver long-term growth.

We routinely post information that may be important to investors on our website at www.biogen.com. Follow us on social media – Facebook, LinkedIn, X, YouTube.

Biogen Safe Harbor
This news release contains forward-looking statements, including, among others, relating to: the potential benefits, efficacy and safety of higher doses of nusinersen (marketed as SPINRAZA); the potential to improve outcomes for, and address unmet needs of, patients with SMA; potential regulatory discussions, submissions, decisions and approvals and the timing thereof; the anticipated benefits, risks and potential of our collaboration arrangements; the potential of our commercial business and pipeline programs, including nusinersen; and risks and uncertainties associated with drug development and commercialization. These forward-looking statements may be accompanied by such words as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “hope,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “prospect,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” or the negative of these words or other words and terms of similar meaning. Drug development and commercialization involve a high degree of risk, and only a small number of research and development programs result in commercialization of a product. Results in early-stage clinical trials may not be indicative of full results or results from later stage or larger scale clinical trials and do not ensure regulatory approval. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Given their forward-looking nature, these statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties that may be based on inaccurate assumptions and could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Given their nature, we cannot assure that any outcome expressed in these forward-looking statements will be realized in whole or in part. We caution that these statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control and could cause future events or results to differ materially from those stated or implied in this document, including, among others, uncertainty of our long-term success in developing, licensing, or acquiring other product candidates or additional indications for existing products; expectations, plans, prospects and timing of actions relating to product approvals, approvals of additional indications for our existing products, sales, pricing, growth, reimbursement and launch of our marketed and pipeline products; the potential impact of increased product competition in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare industry, as well as any other markets in which we compete, including increased competition from new originator therapies, generics, prodrugs and biosimilars of existing products and products approved under abbreviated regulatory pathways; our ability to effectively implement our corporate strategy; difficulties in obtaining and maintaining adequate coverage, pricing, and reimbursement for our products; the drivers for growing our business, including our dependence on collaborators and other third parties for the development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of products and other aspects of our business, which are outside of our full control; risks related to commercialization of biosimilars, which is subject to such risks related to our reliance on third-parties, intellectual property, competitive and market challenges and regulatory compliance; the risk that positive results in a clinical trial may not be replicated in subsequent or confirmatory trials or success in early stage clinical trials may not be predictive of results in later stage or large scale clinical trials or trials in other potential indications; risks associated with clinical trials, including our ability to adequately manage clinical activities, unexpected concerns that may arise from additional data or analysis obtained during clinical trials, regulatory authorities may require additional information or further studies, or may fail to approve or may delay approval of our drug candidates; and the occurrence of adverse safety events, restrictions on use with our products, or product liability claims; and any other risks and uncertainties that are described in reports we have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

These statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are based on information and estimates available to us at this time. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements. A further list and description of risks, uncertainties and other matters can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

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References:

1. Crawford TO, et al. Exploring Higher Doses of Nusinersen in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Final Results From Parts B and C of the 3-Part DEVOTE Study. Presented at: World Muscle Society (WMS) Congress; 2024; Prague, Czechia.
2. Farrar MA, Kiernan MC. The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Progress and Challenges. Neurotherapeutics; 2015; 12:290–302.
3. European Medicines Agency. SPINRAZA Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/spinraza-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Last accessed: December 2025.
4. Based on commercial patients, early access patients, and clinical trial participants through December 31, 2022. 
5. Core Data sheet, Version 13, October 2021. SPINRAZA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA.
6. Finkel RS, et al. Final Safety and Efficacy Data From the SHINE Study in Participants With Infantile-Onset and Later-Onset SMA. Presented at: Cure SMA Conference; 2024; Austin, Texas.

We thus collect all the parameters estimated from the data in a vector $\mathit{\pi }=(h,q_d,q_0,K)$. As we will better detail in the Methods, we develop a moment matching inference algorithm to infer the model parameters $\mathit{\theta }$, as depicted in Figure 1. The idea of the method is to introduce a cost function $\mathcal{C}(\mathit{\theta }|\mathit{\pi })$, representing a total relative error for some self-consistent equations. If the parameters $\mathit{\theta }$ are such that the right part of the self-consistent equation equals the left part, the problem is considered solved. Because the landscape associated with this cost function presents several minima, we perform multiple optimization procedures to collect an ensemble of possible solutions, from which we retain the top 30. First, we find that different solutions ${\mathit{\theta }}^{\ast }$ of the optimization problem provide ecological insights into the underlying microbiome populations.

As originally predicted in Altieri et al., 2021, among all the parameters that define Equation 1, the only ones relevant for reproducing the theoretical phase diagram are the amplitude of demographic noise and the heterogeneity of interactions. The mean interaction strength, provided it is sufficiently positive, does not play a significant role. This prediction is fully confirmed by the inference procedure applied to the two microbiome datasets, allowing us to identify a universal signature that distinguishes healthy from unhealthy states. Figure 3a shows, indeed, that inferred noise ($T$) and interaction heterogeneity strength ($\sigma$) for healthy and diseased microbiomes are clustered in the two-dimensional plane.

In particular, the SAD for the healthy cohort is robust among the different solutions of the inference procedure, as depicted by the superposition of the different curves in the inset of Figure 3a. On the other hand, SADs inferred from unhealthy patients have high sensitivity to different solutions. In particular, some of them display a mode for high-abundance species (light red lines in Figure 3a), a signature of dominant strain in the gut. Consistently, the distribution of the interactions $P({\alpha }_{i,j})$ generated through the inferred parameters μ and σ is different between healthy and diseased cohorts, giving a distinct pattern of interactions (see Figure 3b), a result that is compatible with that found by Bashan et al., 2016. Remarkably, we find that dysbiosis reduces the heterogeneity of interaction strengths, a result also observed when taking correlations as a proxy for interactions (Seppi et al., 2023).

We then assess how close the inferred σ and $\beta =1/T$ (a.k.a. inverse temperature in a statistical physics approach) are to the critical RSB line of the dgLV ($\mathcal{R}=0$), evaluated by keeping all the other parameters constant (see Methods). We find again that the replicon values $\mathcal{R}$ corresponding to each solution of our optimization protocol are significantly different for the two investigated microbiome phenotypes (see Figure 4a). In particular, diseased microbiomes are closer to marginal stability within the RS ansatz (Altieri et al., 2021; Mézard et al., 1987; de Almeida and Thouless, 1978). Furthermore, by investigating the shape of the SAD given by Equation 2, we can estimate the ratio between niche (represented by species interaction) and neutral (represented by birth/death and immigration) ecological forces, which can be captured by the quantity $\psi$ (Wu et al., 2021). It detects the emergence of peaks in the SAD as a hallmark of niche processes (see Appendix 2).

Inspired by field-theory arguments (see Methods and Appendix, Section S2), we can call the mass of the theory the $m$ parameter, as defined above in Equation 2. In classical and quantum field theory, the particle–particle interaction embedded in the quadratic term is typically referred to as a mass source. In our context, $m=1-\beta {\sigma }^2(q_d-q_0)$ captures quadratic fluctuations of species abundances, as also appearing in the expression of the leading eigenvalue of the stability matrix. When $m\to 0$, the analytical order parameters diverge and the system enters the unphysical regime of unbounded growth. As such, the mass term can be considered a complementary stability measure, capable of capturing the transition to the unbounded growth regime.

In the model, two kinds of effects compete to shape the community structure. On the one hand, we have niche effects, encoded in disordered interactions and thus tracked by the parameters μ, σ, and $K$. Their overall effect is selective and tends to concentrate the SAD around the typical abundance value. On the other hand, we have neutral effects encoded in the stochastic dynamics and immigration, governing the low-abundance regime of the SAD. When the demographic noise amplitude is stronger than immigration ($\nu <1$, as in our case), the SAD exhibits a low-abundance integrable divergence. In the opposite scenario, for $\nu >1$, there is no divergence, and the SAD is modal. Since interactions are random, the probability of observing an internal mode can be estimated as the fraction of SADs realizations having non-trivial solutions to the stationary point equation. Such a quantity, dubbed as the niche–neutral ratio, can be analytically evaluated:

(5)

${\displaystyle {\displaystyle {\displaystyle \psi =\frac{1}{2}\text{Erfc}\left(\frac{{\zeta }^{\ast }+\overline{\zeta }}{\sqrt{2}{\sigma }_{\zeta }}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\text{Erfc}\left(\frac{{\zeta }^{\ast }-\overline{\zeta }}{\sqrt{2}{\sigma }_{\zeta }}\right),}}}$

where ${\zeta }^{\ast }=\sqrt{\frac{4(1-\nu )m}{\beta }}$ and $\overline{\zeta }=K-\mu h$. When $\psi \approx 1$, niche and neutral forces give comparable contributions to the dynamics, as both low-abundance divergence and a finite abundance mode coexist in the SAD. Finally, if the typical abundance diverges, we enter the unbounded growth phase, which means that the mass $m$ and the niche–neutral ratio $\psi$ are not independent, as suggested by the analytical expression for $\psi$. For an exhaustive derivation of this result, see Appendix 2. With the obtained model parameters, we are able to evaluate $m$ and $\psi$ for healthy and diseased microbiomes. Also, in this case, healthy and diseased microbiomes are visibly clustered, as shown in Figure 4. Unhealthy microbiomes turn out to be closer to the unbounded growth phase, and the niche–neutral ratio is larger by five orders of magnitude than the healthy case ${\psi }_D\approx {10}^5{\psi }_H$. This leads us to argue that selective pressure is way larger in diseased states, while in the healthy one, birth and death effects are the key drivers of the dynamics. These results are also confirmed by the SAD shapes in the inset of Figure 3 (panel a).

In summary, in the Results section, we show that (i) the inference pipeline robustly recovers demographic noise and interaction heterogeneity by calculating $h$, $q_0$, and $q_d$ from the data; and (ii) these parameters cluster according to health status, with diseased microbiomes lying closer to the replica-symmetry-breaking threshold, indicating reduced ecological resilience.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Over 60 participants from 30 countries and three international organizations discussed how their countries have used multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to plan decommissioning activities in line with national regulatory requirements, sustainability goals and long-term site objectives. Also used in spent fuel management, environmental remediation and advanced reactor technology assessment, MCDM assigns numerical weights to criteria based on input from regulators, industry representatives, operators and other stakeholders. Stakeholder groups may have differing views on the relative importance of these criteria, highlighting the need for constructive dialogue throughout the decision-making process.

“MCDM can help us make good decisions by structuring complex decisions, balancing competing criteria, managing quantitative and qualitative factors and providing a shared understanding of both the problem and the preferred options,” said Simon Boniface, Decommissioning Strategy Manager at the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. “It’s important to build confidence in the decision-making process, and so the views of all stakeholders need to be considered.”  

Throughout the five-day meeting, participants presented decommissioning success stories as well as challenges and compared their approaches to decision making. They also collaborated on  hypothetical decommissioning planning scenarios using MCDM tools.

“In the past, decisions often relied on experience rather than systematic evaluation,” said Inhye Hahm, a Senior Researcher in the Decommissioning Technology Research Division at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. “Cost is typically the dominant factor in technology selection, however in some national or facility-specific contexts where disposal capacity is constrained, waste volume reduction may become a higher priority than cost.” 

MCDM provides a structured and transparent way to integrate these competing factors, reducing reliance on experience-based or intuitive decision making, she added. The Kori-1 nuclear power reactor, which entered permanent shutdown in 2017, is set to become the Republic of Korea’s first decommissioned reactor after approval to begin this process was obtained last June.

“Amelioration factors, or technical solutions that were not available when the initial decision was made, are important to consider as part of a holistic approach to decommissioning,” said Alexia Mercier, a nuclear chemist and project lead at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Nuclear Energy Agency. “These can include developments in the maturity  of a particular technique, new reuse or recycle options for material and new proposals for site repurposing.”

Meeting recommendations included developing a publication on an adaptive MCDM framework for decommissioning; identifying additional case studies; and evaluating the demand for an IAEA Coordinated Research Project on the subject. Participants also called for workshops and other exercises to support capacity building in this area. 

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Google’s parent company Alphabet has become the fourth Big Tech group to hit a $4tn market value, fuelled by investor optimism that its artificial intelligence models can compete with rivals such as OpenAI.

Alphabet shares rose 0.2 per cent in early trading in New York on Monday, capping a more than 6 per cent rise in the past month and catapulting the company over a threshold already surpassed by Nvidia, Apple and Microsoft.

At the start of last year, Alphabet’s shares had been lagging behind the broader AI-driven rally in Big Tech stocks, amid fears that its cash-cow search engine would be overshadowed by new apps such as ChatGPT and Perplexity.

Investors were also concerned that US regulators were seeking to break up the Silicon Valley-based company.

But the stock has more than doubled since April, as Demis Hassabis, co-founder of DeepMind, Google’s AI arm, led the group’s effort to make inroads on ChatGPT.

Last month, OpenAI chief Sam Altman declared a “code red” over the need to improve its products, after Google released its Gemini 3 model, which is considered to have leapfrogged rivals on industry benchmarks.

At the time, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Google’s AI architect and DeepMind’s chief technology officer, said the Big Tech group had “pushed our performance quite significantly” by training its AI models using Google’s own bespoke chips. The company also said it was integrating its latest AI models into products immediately.

Alphabet also showed investors that its advertising revenues were still growing strongly despite the threat from chatbot rivals.

The company’s quarterly revenues grew 16 per cent in the third quarter to surpass $100bn for the first time, it said in October, boosted by its booming cloud computing business and YouTube ads. Its Gemini app has grown rapidly to 650mn monthly users.

Investors have also become more bullish on the company’s prospects after US courts signalled that they were unwilling to break up the Big Tech group.

Last year, a US federal judge said that the Department of Justice’s request for Alphabet to spin off elements of its advertising business would not be “easily enforceable”, despite the court finding in April that the company had an illegal monopoly in digital ads.

Analysts at HSBC have said that Alphabet’s “full stack AI strategy [is] paying dividends”, thanks to Google developing and operating its own chips, data centres and consumer and workplace apps, in addition to the world’s most popular search engine.

By contrast, OpenAI and Anthropic are largely dependent on third parties for computing infrastructure and distribution.

Alphabet’s stock-price momentum has also allowed Google co-founder Larry Page to leapfrog Oracle’s executive chair Larry Ellison as the world’s second-richest person after Elon Musk.

The partnership combines Nord Security’s secure access and credential management solutions with the CrowdStrike Falcon platform, delivering enterprise-grade protection that’s simple, accessible, and built for every business

AUSTIN, Texas – January 12, 2026 – CrowdStrike (NASDAQ: CRWD) and Nord Security today announced a strategic partnership to redefine SMB cybersecurity. The collaboration combines CrowdStrike’s AI-native Falcon® platform with Nord Security’s secure access and credential management solutions to deliver enterprise-grade protection that’s simple, accessible, and built for every business. 

Challenged by limited budgets and cyber security expertise, CrowdStrike’s State of SMB Cybersecurity Survey shows just 36% of small and midsize businesses are investing in new tools, and only 11% have adopted AI-powered defenses. At the same time, adversaries are increasingly targeting smaller organizations with enterprise-level attacks. This partnership directly addresses that gap, seamlessly giving SMBs access to the AI-powered protection, intelligence, and speed trusted by the world’s largest enterprises.

The partnership introduces two key innovations:

• Simplified e-commerce access: Nord Security will offer Falcon® Go, CrowdStrike’s AI-powered solution purpose-built for SMBs, and Falcon® Enterprise directly through NordLayer, a toggle-ready network security platform for business, pairing the power of the Falcon platform with NordLayer’s secure access to make enterprise-grade protection easy to buy and deploy. 
• Expanded MSP offerings through Pax8: CrowdStrike, Nord Security, and Pax8 will launch an add-on for Falcon® Next-Gen SIEM that combines speed, detection and accuracy of the Falcon platform with Nord Security’s secure access and network solutions, including 90 days of free access for qualifying customers.

“This partnership transforms how SMBs secure their business,” said Daniel Bernard, Chief Business Officer at CrowdStrike. “Together with Nord Security, we’re redefining cybersecurity for SMBs – combining the power of the Falcon platform with Nord Security’s SMB go-to-market prowess and secure access technology to deliver enterprise-grade protection that’s fast to deploy, simple to manage, and built to stop breaches.”

“Every growing business faces the same challenge: their attack surface is expanding faster than their ability to secure it,” said Mantas Ulozas, Chief Business Development Officer at B2B Commercial at Nord Security. “By combining our secure access and credential management solutions with CrowdStrike’s Falcon platform, we’re removing barriers of cost and complexity that have long limited SMBs’ access to enterprise-grade protection – giving them the visibility and confidence to defend against modern threats.”

For more information on the CrowdStrike-Nord Security partnership, visit here. 

About CrowdStrike

CrowdStrike (NASDAQ: CRWD), a global cybersecurity leader, has redefined modern security with the world’s most advanced cloud-native platform for protecting critical areas of enterprise risk – endpoints and cloud workloads, identity and data.

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About Nord Security 

Nord Security is home to advanced cybersecurity solutions that share the Nord brand and values, including the world’s most advanced VPN service NordVPN, the next-generation password manager NordPass, the file encryption tool NordLocker, threat exposure management platform NordStellar, the toggle-ready network security platform for business NordLayer, an all-around identity theft protection service NordProtect, and Saily, an eSIM service. Established in 2012, Nord Security’s products are now acknowledged by the most influential tech sites and IT security specialists. More information: nordsecurity.com.

Press Contacts

Affordability, Agreements, and Action by Congress

Inu Manak is senior fellow for trade policy.

Despite the flurry of trade policy activity in 2025, President Donald Trump’s on-again, off-again tariff threats left the trade landscape largely intact. Tariffs are not nearly as high as anticipated, and firms took proactive measures to massively front-load the economy, delaying some tariff impacts. The year ahead is likely to be another roller coaster, but there are three trends in trade to keep a close eye on: the erosion of trade agreements, the effects of tariffs on affordability, and the potential limits of executive power in trade.

The United States is charting a new course on trade, but it is casting aside fundamental rules that have underpinned the global trading system in the process. That is pushing some of its closest allies away and could further fragment trade rules. The Trump administration has signed a handful of new trade deals and is likely to increase pressure on trading partners next year to make those deals deliver (or walk away from them if they do not). Closer to home, if Trump rips up the deal with Canada and Mexico that he negotiated in his first term, it will send shock waves throughout the U.S. economy.

That said, Trump was willing to test the limits of what markets would accept on tariffs this year; the effects of tariffs on affordability could continue to nag at him. The administration has exempted a range of household goods from tariffs, including bananas, beef, and coffee. If everyday items feel unaffordable, the administration could be pushed to respond with additional tariff relief.

Throughout U.S. history, every major tariff increase was legislated by Congress. Today, Congress has virtually no role. This is a precarious state of affairs, because it means that trade policy is now beholden to whoever holds the White House—and in this case, trade policy is being made by one person. With the Supreme Court set to rule on Trump’s use of emergency tariffs early this year, we will soon find out if there are any limits to the president’s trade powers.

Following the Money From Oil to Tech

Edward Alden is senior fellow at CFR, specializing in U.S. economic competitiveness, trade, and immigration policy.

Here is a rule for anticipating U.S. trade actions in 2026: follow the money. Despite promising tariff protections to revitalize American manufacturing, the Trump administration has selectively spared the wealthiest industries in the United States, from big tech to big oil.

Tech companies avoided the worst tariffs—semiconductors and smart phones were exempted—and even benefited as the administration eased export controls on China and knocked down Canada’s digital services tax. Europe will be the main target in 2026: the Trump administration wants a rollback of the European Union’s Digital Services Act and artificial intelligence regulations.

Conventional energy has also remained largely tariff-free, and new trade deals have included purchase commitments for U.S. natural gas and oil. More is likely, especially if Venezuelan oil is reopened to U.S. producers.

None of that bodes well for the biggest trade negotiation of 2026: the review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. The sectors at stake, especially autos and agriculture, have been the most harmed by the Trump actions to date. This year could be the death knell for three decades of free trade in North America.

Will Trade Policies Drop Drug Prices?

Thomas Bollyky is senior fellow for international economics, law, and development and director of the Global Health Program. Elena Every is research associate for Global Health, Economics, and Development. Chloe Searchinger is former research associate for Global Health, Economics, and Development.

In 2025, President Trump broke new ground by using trade tools in an effort to lower prescription drug prices at home, raise them abroad, and return drug manufacturing to the United States.

The tactic resulted in deals with foreign governments and pledges from drug manufacturers and alike, but the details and text of most of those commitments have not been released. The agreements with manufacturers are voluntary.

In 2026, we will be watching whether those trade deals generate real returns by lowering the sky-high costs that Americans pay for medicines and by reversing the U.S. pharmaceutical trade deficit, which has grown 9 percent annually over the last two decades—hitting record highs in 2025.

It may take a while. In exchange for a three-year reprieve from U.S. tariffs, fourteen drugmakers agreed to lower their Medicaid drug prices, launch future drugs at prices comparable to those in other countries, and invest over $480 billion in U.S. manufacturing. Yet, our analysis of earning statements of companies that produce specialized pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment suggests that those drugmakers have not begun acquiring the means yet to launch new production facilities in the United States.

In December, the United Kingdom agreed in principle to raise by 25 percent its cost-effectiveness threshold for medicines procurement that the UK’s National Health Service uses, although it is unclear whether that will result in the UK spending more and U.S. patients paying less for prescription drugs. The UK government reported that the cost allocations for the change had already been made earlier in 2025 and would not affect “frontline services.”

Is the United States Still Committed to Slowing China’s AI Progress? 

Chris McGuire is senior fellow for China and emerging technologies.

The United States’ approach to export controls on technology to China in 2026 could dictate whether the United States maintains its lead over China in artificial intelligence (AI) or whether China approaches parity.

Until 2025, export controls were the most important and most heavily used policy tool for slowing China’s technological progress in advanced technologies, particularly chip-making and AI. China has achieved real progress in those areas, but substantially less than if U.S. export controls had not been in place. Restrictions on the export of semiconductor manufacturing equipment (SME) have caused China’s advanced chip-making capabilities to significantly lag those of U.S. allies and partners in both quantity and quality, and restrictions on the export of AI chips have caused China’s AI models to lag U.S. models by at least seven months. Those controls have been imperfect, but effective.

The Trump administration has not effected a single regulation tightening export controls on China, however. It has done nothing to tighten controls on SME exports, which were strengthened annually by the Biden administration, and has substantially loosened restrictions on AI chip exports to China. Meanwhile, China’s circumvention efforts grow by the day.

If the U.S. export control regime on advanced technologies is not actively maintained, it will atrophy. That would risk allowing China to catch up at the worst possible moment: just as those advanced technologies are emerging as major drivers of U.S. economic growth and military modernization.